P (t) t> 0 :
, P (t) , t (P (0)=1).
t > 0 />, t > 0 h > t > 0.
h > t > 0. />
t, h, s .
s s = 0 :
t t = 0
, Q , , , .
R n P (t) p (t, x, y): U W t . :
0, \, t \to 0″ /> p (t, x, y) δ- ( ): . , ( )
f (x),
:
( , q (x, y) δ(x − y) ). aij . ().
. bj , aij
, ,
.
, .
, .1:
:
|
|
S0, S1, S2, , Sk.
, .. Sk Sk-1, Sk+1.* ( , Sk k, Sk Sk+1 , Sk-1 .)
, , , λk,k+1 λk+1,k.
, . 1, ( ).
:
S0
λ01 p0 = λ10 p1 (1)
S1 (λ12 + λ10) p1 = λ01 p0 + λ21 p2, (1)
λ12 p1 = λ21 p2 (2)
, , :
λ01 p1 = λ10 p2
λ12 p1 = λ21 p2
.
λk-1,k pk-1 = λk,k-1 pk
λn-1,n pn-1 = λn,n-1 pn
p0 + p1 + p2 + +pn = 1. (4)
(3), (4), :
p1, p2,.., pn , :
, (5) p1, p2,, pn p0 , (6). , , Sk (k=1, 2, , n), , , Sk