3.1.
a, b a, b, c | , , | ||||
k k 1, k 2 | |||||
M (x, y) M (x, y, z) | |||||
M o(x o, y o), M 1(x 1, y 1), M 2(x 2, y 2), M 3(x 3, y 3) | |||||
M o(x o, y o, z o), M 1(x 1, y 1, z 1), M 2(x 2, y 2, z 2 ), M 3(x 3, y 3, z 3) | |||||
n = (A, B) n 1 = (A 1, B 1) n 2 = (A 2, B 2) | |||||
n = (A, B, C) n 1 = (A 1, B 1, C 1) n 2 = (A 2, B 2, C 2) | |||||
q = (l, m) q 1 = (l 1, m 1) q 2 = (l 2, m 2) | |||||
q =(l, m, n) q 1 = (l 1, m 1, n 1) q 2 = (l 2, m 2, n 2) | 1) 2) | ||||
r = (x, y) r = (x, y, z) | - - | ||||
r o = (x o, y o) r o = (x o, y o, z o) | - - | ||||
t | |||||
j | 1) 2) 3) | ||||
3.2.
rn+ C = 0 | , | n = (A, B) ; (x o, y o), (x 1, y 1), (x 2, y 2) - ; r = (x, y) - ; r o = (x o, y o) - ; k - ; a - , 0 x; b - , 0 y; t - ; q = (l, m) - |
r = r o + qt | , | |
Ax + By + C = 0 | ||
A (x - x o) +B (y - y o) = 0 | , | |
y = kx + b | ||
y - y o = k (x - x o) | , | |
, | ||
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3.3.
/ | L | ||||||
A = 0, B ¹ 0, C ¹ 0, L || Ox | By + C = 0 y = y 1 | n = (0, B), n ^ Ox | y L y 1 n O x | ||||
B = 0, A ¹ 0, C ¹ 0, L || Oy | Ax + C = 0 x = x 1 | n = (A, 0), n ^ Oy | Y
L n
O x 1 x | ||||
C = 0, A ¹ 0, B ¹ 0, L | Ax + By = 0 y = kx | n = (A, B) |
x
L
n
O x | ||||
A = 0, C = 0, B ¹ 0, L Ox | y = 0 | n = (0, 1), n ^ Ox | x n L O x | ||||
B = 0, C = 0, A ¹ 0, L Oy | x = 0 | n = (1, 0), n ^ Oy | x L n O x |
3.4.
: | : | |
n 1 = (A 1, B 1), q 1 = (l 1, m 1), k 1 | n 2 = (A 2, B 2), q 2 = (l 2, m 2), k 2 | |
1) cosj = ; 2) cosj = ; 3) tgj = | ||
1) n 1 ||n 2 Þ ; 2) q 1 ||q 2 Þ ; 3) k 1 = k 2 | ||
1) n 1^ n 2 Þ n 1× n 2 = 0 A 1 A 2+ B 1 B 2 = 0 2) q 1^ q 2 Þ q 1× q 2 = 0 l 1 l 2+ m 1 m 2 = 0 3) k 1× k 2 = -1 | ||
3.5.
rn+ D = 0 | , | r = (x, y, z) - ; n = (A, B, C) - ; q 1 q 2 ; (x o, y o, z o), (x 1, y 1, z 1), (x 2, y 2, z 2 ), (x 3, y 3, z 3) - ; a, b, c - , | |
(q 1´ q 2) r+ D = 0 | , , | ||
Ax+By+Cz+D = 0 | |||
A (x - x o) +B (y - y o) + + C (z - z o) = 0 | , | ||
, | |||
3.6.
/ | P | ||
A = 0, B ¹ 0, C ¹ 0, D ¹ 0 | By + Cz + D = 0 | P || Ox | |
B = 0, A ¹ 0, C ¹ 0, D ¹ 0 | Ax + Cz + D = 0 | P || Oy | |
C = 0, A ¹ 0, B ¹ 0, D ¹ 0 | Ax + By + D = 0 | P || Oz | |
D = 0, A ¹ 0, B ¹ 0, C ¹ 0 | Ax + By + Cz = 0 | P | |
A = 0, B = 0, C ¹ 0, D ¹ 0 | Cz + D = 0 | P || Oxy | |
A = 0, C = 0, B ¹ 0, D ¹ 0 | By + D = 0 | P || Oxz | |
B = 0, C = 0, A ¹ 0, D ¹ 0 | Ax + D = 0 | P || Oyz | |
A = 0, D = 0, B ¹ 0, C ¹ 0 | By + Cz = 0 | P Ox | |
B = 0, D = 0, A ¹ 0, C ¹ 0 | Ax + Cz = 0 | P Oy | |
C = 0, D = 0, A ¹ 0, C ¹ 0 | Ax + By = 0 | P Oz | |
A = 0, B = 0, D = 0, C ¹ 0 | z = 0 | P Oxy | |
A = 0, C = 0, D = 0, B ¹ 0 | y = 0 | P Oxz | |
B = 0, C = 0, D = 0, A ¹ 0 | x = 0 | P Oyz |
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3.7.
: | : | |
n 1 = (A 1, B 1, C 1) | n 2 = (A 2, B 2, C 2) | |
cosj = | ||
n 1 ||n 2 Þ | ||
n 1 ^ n 2 Þ n 1× n 2 = 0 A 1 A 2+ B 1 B 2 + C 1 C 2= 0 | ||
3.8.
r = r o + qt | , | r = (x, y, z) - ; r o = (x o, y o, z o) - ; n 1 = (A 1, B 1, C 1), n 2 = (A 2, B 2, C 2) - ; |
(r - r o) ´ q = o | , | |
q = (l, m, n) - | ||
, | ; t - ; | |
(x o, y o, z o), (x 1, y 1, z 1), (x 2, y 2, z 2) - |
3.9.
: | : | |
q 1 = (l 1, m 1, n 1) | q 2 = (l 2, m 2, n 2) | |
cosj = | ||
q 1 ||q 2 Þ | ||
q 1 ^ q 2 Þ q 1× q 2 = 0 l 1 l 2 + m 1 m 2 + n 1 n 2 = 0 | ||
3.10.
: | : |
q = (l, m, n); : M o(x o, y o, z o) | n = (A, B, C) |
sinj = = | |
n ^ q Þ n × q = 0 Al + Bm + Cn = 0 | |
) | Ax o+ By o+ Cz o + D ¹ 0 |
) | Ax o+ By o+ Cz o + D = 0 |
n × q ¹ 0 Al + Bm + Cn ¹ 0 | |
n||q Þ |
3.11.
M 1(x 1, y 1) Ax + By + C = 0 Ax + By + C = 0 | d = d = |
M 1(x 1, y 1, z 1) Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 | d = d = |
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