n n- = (1, 2,..., n) . n , .
= (41) | . , |
, .
= 1 1 + 2 2 + + n n, = 1 1 + 2 2 + + n n . (, ) = (1 1 + 2 2 + + n n)×(1 1 + 2 2 + + n n) = = × × , , . , (, ) = × × (42).
.
10. .
, (, s) = (s, ).
20. .
, ¹ 0 , , (, ) > 0.
30. n- × × > 0.
4- .
, × × > 0
, . ,
.
40. = (1, 2,..., n) 1 = (11, 21,..., n1) n, 1 1 . 1. (, ) = × × , = ×1, = ×1, = (×1) = (1) × . , (, ) = ((1) × )× × (×1) = (1) × ( × × )× 1. (, ) = (1) × 1× 1.
1 = × × (43)
(42) .
50. .
(42) ú 1 ú =ú ú ×ú ú ×ú ú = ú ú ×ú ú 2. ú 2> 0, ú 1 ú ú ú .
.
1. 2 . 1 = , 2 = , 3 = , 4 = .
. : (1, 1) = 1, (1, 2) = (2, 1) = 0, (1, 3) = (3, 1) = 0, (1, 4) = (4, 1) = 0, (2, 2) = 1, (2, 3) = (3, 2) = 0, (2, 4) = (4, 2) = 0, (3, 3) = 1, (3, 4) = (4, 3) = 0, (4, 4) = 1. ,
= .
2. R [ ] 3- , a b , a < b. (1, , 2, 3).
|
|
. : (1, 1) = = b a,
(1, ) = (, 1) = = ), (1, 2) = (2, 1) = = ), (1, 3) = (3, 1) = = ), (, ) = = ), (, 2) = (2, ) = = ), (, 3) = (3, ) = = ), (2, 2) = = ), (2, 3) = (3, 2) = = ), (3, 3) = = ). :
= .
3. (1, 2, 3) 3 = . = (1, 5, 4) = (3, 2, 7).
. (41), (, ) = (1, 5, 4) × × = 7.
n n- . , .. (, ) = 2. 4- 2 ³ 0.
47. . .. ú ú = (44)
:
1. , ú ú ³ 0.
2. ú a× ú = úaú×ú ú Î n.
3. n ú × ú £ú ú ×ú ú.
. ( a )2 = 2 2a(, ) + a2× 2 ³ 0 a Î R. a, , .. (, )2 2× 2 £ 0, (, )2 £ 2× 2. ú × ú £ú ú ×ú ú (45). , .
48. .
40. .
¹ 0, ú ú ¹ 0. , 0 = . , ú 0 ú =1.
49. j, (46).
.
.
10. .
(44) , , j .
20. a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0, .
48. , .
^ .
30. ^ , a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0, (a )^ (b ).
40. ^ ^ , ^ ( + ).
50. n, , , .
50. (n 1)- n.
.
30 40 , L n. n , , , L . , Î L Û (, ) = 0 (*). n . = (1, 2, , n), = (1, 2, , n). Î L Û ×× = 0 (**). (**) n . (n 1) . , (**) (n 1)-.
|
|
n. , , . Î Û (, ) = 0 Î . .
60. (n )- n.
50.
70. Ç = { 0 }.
80. .
. ^ . . , , .. a, b , a× + b× = 0. a ¹ 0, . a× 2 + b× (, ) = 0. (, ) = 0 2 ¹ 0, a = 0. . , .
90. 1, 2, , 1, 2, , s , 1, 2, , 1, 2, , s .
42. (1 £ £ n) n = Å .
. (1, 2,..., ) ( +1, + 2,..., n) . 90 , (1, 2,..., , +1, + 2,..., n) . n , n. , n = + . 70 n = Å .
n = Å . n, = 1 + 2, 1 Î , 2 Î . 1 . 2 .