.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


( d ¹ 0)




(9). O ¢ x ² y ², O ¢ x ¢ y ¢ a. :

x ¢ = x ²cos a y ²sin a,

y ¢ = x ²sin a + y ²cos a.

(9):

11(x ²cos a y ²sin a)2 + 2 12(x ²cos a y ²sin a)(x ²sin a + y ²cos a) +

+ 22(x ²sin a + y ²cos a)2 + ¢ = 0,

. x ² y ²

12sin2a + ( 22 11)sin acos a + 12cos2a

, cos2a:

12 tg2a + ( 11 22) tg a + 12 = 0. (15)

tg a,

D = ( 11 22)2 + 12 ³ 0.

, (14) , . a, , x ² y ².

l1(x ²)2 + l2(y ²)2 + = 0. (16)

, l1 l2

 
 


= 0;

 

:

l2 s l + d = 0, (17)

s = trace A = 11 22 A. .

l1+ l2 = s , l1l2 = d.

O ¢ x ² y ²

=, d¢= det A¢= l1l2 = d, s ¢= trace = l1+l 2 = s,

 

l1 0 0

D¢ =0 l2 0 = l1l2 (D/d) = D.

0 0 D/d

, d¢= d, s ¢= s, D¢ = D, .. d, s, D . .

1 : D ¹ 0. , (16)

+ = 1. (18)

a 2 = |D/l1d|, b 2 = |D/l2d|.

) d > 0, s D < 0. l1l2> 0, .. l1 l 2 , (l1+ l 2)D < 0, .. D l1 l 2. (17) , (15) :

+ = 1.

) d > 0, s D > 0. (18) ,

+ = 1.

, . .

) d < 0, D ¹ 0. l1 l 2 , (17) .

= 1 = 1.

.

2 : D = 0. (15) ( ):

l1 x 2 + l 2 y 2 = 0. (19)

a 2 =½l1½, b 2 =½l2½.

) d < 0. l1 l 2 (18)

a 2 x 2 b 2 y 2 = 0 Û

Û (ax b y)(ax + b y) = 0.

, ax by = 0 ax + by = 0. , , O ¢ .

) d > 0. l1 l 2 (19)

a 2 x 2+ b 2 y 2 = 0 Û (ax i b y)(ax + i b y) = 0.

(i ). , . O ¢ .

d = D = 0 ( ), .

9. ( d = 0).

d = 0. , , (14). Ox ¢ y ¢.

x = x ¢ × cos a y ¢ × sin a,

y = x ¢ × sin a + y ¢ × cos a.

, (14), . , x ¢ y ¢:

l1 x ¢2 + l 2 y ¢2 + 2 b 1 ¢ + 2 b 2 ¢ + = 0, (20)

, , ,

b 1= a 1 × cos a + a 2 × sin a, b 2 = a 1 × sin a + a 2 × cos a.

l1 l 2 (17). d = l1l2 = 0, . l1.

l 2 y ¢2 + 2 b 1 ¢ + 2 b 2 ¢ + = 0. (21)

0 0 b 1

D = 0 l2 b 2 = l2 b 12.

b 1 b 2

1 : D = 0 Û b 1= 0. l 2 y ¢2 + 2 b 2 ¢ + = 0. :

l 2( y ¢ 2 + ¢ + ) + = 0 Û l 2( y ¢ + )2 + = 0.

¢= (b 12- l 2 ) /l 2, a 2 ¢½ :

x ²= x ¢ ,

y ²= y ¢ + ,

O ¢(0, b 1/l2) Ox ¢ y ¢(, Ox ¢ y ¢).

(y ²)2 = a 2.

) ¢ > 0 Þ (y ²)2 = a 2, .. y ² = a y ² = a. .

) ¢ > 0 Þ (y ²)2 = a 2, .. y ² = i a y ² = i a. , .

) ¢ = 0 Þ (y ²)2 =0. , .

2 : D ¹ 0 Û b 1¹ 0. , , (21) y:

l 22 + 2 b 1 ¢ + = 0,

:

l 22+ 2 b 1 = 0.

c ¢ = :

x ²= ¢ c ¢,

y ²= y ¢ + ,

O ¢ Ox ¢ y ¢.

l 2(y ²)2 + 2 b 1 ² = 0 Û (y ²)2 = 2 p ²,

p = 2 b 1/l 2. .

, , (8) (sign x x).

 

sign d sign s D -
+ + = 1  
+ + + = 1
= 1
  a 2 x 2 b 2 y 2 = 0
+   a 2 x 2 + b 2 y 2 = 0
  y 2 = 2 p,  
    x 2 = a 2 x 2 = a 2 x 2 = 0 ¥

.

1. , F (3, 3), Ox. .

. M (x, y) , MM ¢ , O. M Ox | MM ¢|=| y | (. ), | MF |=.

= 2| y |.

, , ; . , :

(x 3)2 +(y 3)2 = 4 y 2.

, :

(x 3)2 + y 2 6 y + 9 4 y 2= 0,

(x 3)2 3 y 2 6 y + 9 = 0,

(x 3)2 3(y 2 + 2 y + 1 4) = 0,

(x 3)2 3(y + 1)2 = 12.

x ¢= x 3,

y ¢= y + 1.

O ¢(3,1). 12:

= 1.

a =2 3,4, b =2. O ¢(3,1). 2).

2. . :

) 25 2 14 + 25 2 + 64 64 224 = 0.

. :

11 2 + 2 12 + 22 2 + 2 1 + 2 2 + = 0. (8)

d = ¹ 0,

¢( o, o), :

a 11 x o + a 12 y o + a 1 = 0, (10)

a 12 x o + a 22 y o + a 2 = 0.

', :

11 ' 2 + 2 12 ' ' + 22 ' 2 + ' = 0, (9)

' = 1 o+ 2 o+ . (12)

:

d = = 576 ¹ 0,

, . ( o, y o) (10):

25 o 7 o+ 32 = 0, Û 25 o 7 o = 32,

7 o+ 25 o 32= 0. 7 o+ 25 o= 32.

: x o=, o =, d x d , d y :

d x = = 32 = 32(18) = 576.

d y = = 32 = 3218 = 576.

x o= = 1, y o= = 1.

, ' (1, 1). ' ¢ ¢ ¢. :

x = x' + 1,

= ' 1.

; , : (9) ( , ), ' (12):

' = 32(1) 321 224 = 288.

:

25 ¢2 14 ¢ ¢ + 25 ¢2 = 288. (9¢)

a, :

12tg2a + ( 11 22) tga 12 = 0, (15)

7tg2a +(25 25)tga + 7= 0,

tg2a = 1 tg a1= 1 tg a2 = 1.

. , , a, tg a > 0. : a =, sin a = cos a =.

' ''''. :

¢ = ²s a y ²sin a,

y ¢ = ²sin a + y ²cos a.

:

' = ('' y''),

y' = ('' + y'').

(9¢):

[25( ² y ²)2 14( ² y ²)( ²+ y ²) + 25( ² + y ²)2 ] = 288

[25 ²2 50 ² y ²+25 y ²2 14 ²+14 y ² + 25 ²2 + 50 ² y ²+ 25 y ²2] = 288.

, '' y'' . , .

[36 '' 2 + 64 y'' 2] = 288, 9 '' 2 + 16 y'' 2 = 144,

+ = 1.

= 4, b = 3. .

Oxy, ¢ ¢ x ¢ y ¢, Oxy '. a ¢ x ² y ². .

a = 45, . , , tg a = a / b, : 'x' b, 'y' . , , tg a = 3/4.

 

 
 

 



) 7 x 2+16 xy -23 y 2-14 x -16 y -218=0.

.

d= =-161-64=-225≠0.

, :

7 x o+ 8 y o-7=0, 7 x o+8 y o=7,

8 x o-23 y o-8=0, x o-23 y o=8.

:

d x = =-161-64=-225≠0, d y = =0.

x o= = -1, y o= =0.

O' (1, 0). ' O' ' '. :

x = x ¢ +1,

y = y ¢

c ¢ = -7 x o-8 y o+ c = -7-218 = -225. :

7 x ¢ 2 + 16 x ¢ y ¢ - 23 y ¢ 2 -225 = 0. (*)

a, (5):

8tg2a +30tga -8=0,

4tg2a +15tga -4=0,

D =225+64=289,

tga1= =, tga2= = -4.

: tga =. sina = , cosa =. (*) :

 

[7(4 x" - y")2+16(4 x" - y")(x" +4 y")-23(x" +4 y")2]=225,

[112 x" 2- 56 x"y" +7 y" 2+64 x" 2+ 240 x"y" -64 y" 2

-23 x" 2- 184 x"y " -368 y" 2]=225

, x"y" . , .

[153 x" 2-425 y" 2]=225,

9 x" 2-25 y" 2=225,

- =1.

a = 5, b = 3.

:

1) ¢(1, 0) - , ¢ x ¢|| x, ¢ y ¢|| y - ;

2) , tg α = 1/4; ¢ " ¢ y" ( . 2)).

3) ¢ "y" : a = 5, b = 3;

4) , ;

5) : , .

) 9 x 2 - 24 xy + 16 y 2 - 20 x + 110 y - 50 = 0.

d = = 0

:

-12 tg2a-7tga+12 =0,

D =49+576=625,

tg a1 = =, tg a2 = = .

sina=; cosa= .

 

, (6) . :

[9(4 x ¢ - 3 y ¢)2 - 24(4 x ¢ - 3 y ¢)(3 x ¢ + 4 y ¢) + 16(3 x ¢ + 4 y ¢)2]

- (4 x ¢ - 3y¢) + (3 x ¢ + 4 y ¢) - 50 = 0,

[144 x ¢ 2 -216 x ¢ y' +81 y ¢ 2-288 x ¢2 -168 x ¢ y ¢ +288 y ¢ 2+ 144 x ¢2 +384 x ¢ y ¢ +296 y ¢ 2] -

16 x ¢ + 12 y ¢ + 66 x ¢ + 88 y ¢-50 = 0.

x ¢ y ¢ . , d = 0, :

25 y ¢ 2 + 50 x ¢ + 100 y ¢ -50 = 0, Û y ¢ 2 + 2 x ¢ + 4 y ¢ - 2 = 0. (*)

:

(y ¢2 + 4 y ¢ + 4) - 4 + 2 x ¢ - 2 = 0,

(y' + 2)2 + 2(x' 3) = 0.

:

 

O ¢(3,-2) ¢ x ¢ y ¢. , ¢ x ¢ y ¢.

y" 2=2 x" .

p = 1, ¢ x".

 

:

1. , tg α = 3/4 ;

2. ¢(3,2) x ¢ y ¢;

3. ¢ x" ¢ y".

4. ; , (*) y ¢= 0, x ¢ = 1. .. (1, 0) ¢ x ¢ y ¢ - ( x ¢ y ¢).

 
 

 






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