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. ,

11 2 + 2 12 + 22 2 + 2 1 + 2 2 + = 0, (8)

11, 12, 22 .

11 2 + 2 12 + 22 2

, 2 1 + 2 2 , .

Ox ¢ y ¢,

x = a x ¢ + b y ¢ + b 1,

y = g x ¢ + d y ¢ + b 2.

(8), , .. x ¢ y ¢ . , . . , .

. O ¢ , . , , .

, , . M (x, y) M ¢( x, y). (7)

11 2 + 2 12 + 22 2 2 1 2 2 + = 0. (8¢)

(8) (8¢):

4( 1 + 2 ) = 0.

M (x, y) . 1 = 2 = 0, . , O ¢, , O ¢ ¢ ¢

11 ¢2 + 2 12 ¢ ¢ + 22 ¢2 + ¢ = 0, (9)

.. . , ; .

5. (x o, y o) , (8),

11 o + 12 o + 1 = 0,

12 o + 22 o + 2 = 0.

. O ¢ ¢ ¢, O O ¢(x o, y o) . :

x = x ¢ + o,

y = y ¢ + o.

(7):

11(x ¢+ o)2 + 2 12 (x ¢+ o)( y ¢+ y o) + 22(y ¢+ y o)2 +

+ 2 1(x ¢+ o) + 2 2(y ¢+ y o) + = 0.

11(x ¢)2 + 2 12 x ¢ y ¢+ 22(y ¢)2 + 2( 11 o+ 12 o+ 1) x ¢+

+ 2( 12 o+ 22 o+ 2) y ¢+ ¢= 0,

¢ = j(x o, y o) (7) O ¢. x ¢ y ¢ , (10).

, , (11) : , ¢.

A = (8) ( (10)),

d = det A, dx = , dy = .

1 . d ¹ 0. (10)

x o= dx/d, y o= dy /d, (*)

. , 1 2 (10) , .

2 . d = 0, dx¹ 0 dy¹ 0 (, d = 0, dx dy ). (10) 2, rank A =1. , - (10) , .

3 . d = 0, dx = dy = 0. (10) , , , .

¢:

¢ = j(x o, y o) = 11 o2 + 2 12 o o + 22 o2 + 2 1 o + 2 2 o + =

= ( 11 o + 12 o + 1) o+ ( 12 o + 22 o + 2) o + 12 o + 22 o + .

(9) ,

¢ = 1 o + 2 o + . (12)

(*)

¢ = 1 + 2 + = ( 1dx + 2 dy + ) =, (13)

11 12 1

D = 12 22 2.

1 2

D . (13) (9) . , , ¢ (12).





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