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, (XVIII .) . , XIX . XX , . . , . . . . . . 50- . XX . , , , .

, .

50- . XX . , , , . , . . . . . .

, , .

, (. . . , . . . .), XX ., .

, , .

2.0.3. . , . 30- . XX . . .


. - . XIX XX ., , , , . , : 2) . , , . , poor John , John poor John : Poor John ran away John ran away. and Mary, , , : and Mary ran away Tom ran away; Mary ran away. To, (. and Mary run away Tom runs away; Mary runs away), .

, , , : John ran beside John. . poor John and Mary, , . . : poor John and Mary.

John ran away beside John.

, , , . , .

,


, . e. , , .

, . , , phrase. , , . XVII, XVIII XIX . , XIX XX . . , . XX . phrase : word group, word cluster . . .

. phrase , . , phrase word group.

, . : head, centre. , centre. , all heads are centres, but not all centres are heads (S. Chatman).

He , .

, . . 4 :

1 new books

2 experiment perilous

3 as good as that

4 did not g

, , , , , , , . ,


. , . Yes, please. , , . . .

: . , , : 1) , , 2) , . , . . . , , : .

, , .

, . , , , , .

, . Yes, please, .

, , , , .

. , .

. , , , . ,


. : , , . , , , , , . , , (: ), - . , , , , . .

2.0.4. . , , , , , , to disregard the remark, busy life, ver new, on the beach, under the net, in the corner, .

, . e. , , , , , . . , , , , , , , . , , I am, he is we glance, he glances, , . e. , , , , , . e. , .


, , . , , . , , . , , . , .

2.0.5. . , .

, , table . . , , King Arthur and his Round Table table 'a piece of furniture', Round Table 'King Arthur's knights'. : , to be at table table, to be, , 'having a meal'.

, , , , .

, , , , , . , , , , : a dog house a house dog.

a dog house 'a house in which a dog lives', a house dog 'a dog that lives in a house'.


. , a fruit salad , , a fruit knife , . a Vietnam village , , an Oxford man , .

, , : horse shoes '' alligator shoes ', '. horse shoes , .

, , , . , , an orphan child a wine waiter. a child who is an orphan, .

. , , + , , . ., , white : white hair ('an old man with white hair'); a white lie ('a harmless lie'); white meat ('pork, veal, poultry').

: to run fast, to run a splinter into one's finger, to run a business, to run a car into a garage, to run a comb through one's hair, to run for parliament . .

, , , . a fruit knife . to run a car; to run a business, to run fast; to run (a car) 1 into a garage.

, , , (, , . .).

1 , , .


2.0.6. . , , . . , .

, , . , , , . e. , , , . , . .

, , . , . , , . . , , , .

2.0.7. . : . , , : , , . , , , .

, , . , , one: a black dog and two gray ones; He is a doctor and his wife is one, too.

, one , . : Such a list is an open one.

, , 3- . . , - one. - one,


, (: an old bear and five young ones), 3- , . e. . : R d l p h ' s w i f e sat on a bench in the park.; She was playing with her daughter.

, - one , 3- , : Rudolph's wife = she.

that/those: The best coal is t h a t from Newcastle.; The cost of oil is less than t h a t of gas.; More apples? Have you eaten all thse we bought?

- do: She sleeps more than I do.; We said he would w i n, and he d i d, too.

, . , so: He is clever, but his brother is still more so.; Is he alive and happy? Yes, (he is) very much so.

, , , , : I could not help them though I tried to. to to help them. , , , , . , - (a black one), , (. 1.6.4).





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