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VIII.

, , ( ) 1. , . , . . ( ), , , , . . , . , . , , , . , . , , (, ) . , -

. .., 2006

1 . Karl Mannheim, Mensch unciGeselhchaft im Zeilalterder Umbaus (Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1935), esp. 28 ft - . .


, . 2.

. 3. , , , . . , , (, ). , , . , . , , ; . , , , (, ). , 4.

2 H.D. Lasswell, Politics (New York: McGran-Hill, 1936), 120121. . .

3 Max Weber, WirtschaftundGesellschaft (Tubingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1922), Pt. Ill,chap.
6; 650678. . Talcott Parsons, The Structure of Social
Action,
esp. 506 ff. , , .
. Rabany, Les types sociaux: le fonctionnaire, Revue generate d'administration, 1907, 88,
528. . .

4 Karl Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia (New York: Harcout, Brace, 1936), 18n., 105 ff.
. Ramsay Muir, Peers and Bureaucrats (London: Constable, 1910), 1213.
. .


, . 5. , , , , , 6. , , , , . (, , ..).

, , . , , , . , . , , , - . , , . , . , , . ( 50- ), . , , .

5 E.G. Cahen-Salvator ,
, . . . La situation
materielleet morale desfonclionna'ms, Revue politique et parlementaire ( 1926), 319.
. .

6 H.J. Laski, Bureaucracy, Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences.
, . . .


, , . , , , , , . , , .

, , 7. , . , . , , , ( ), . , , , , , .

. , , , , .

, (), () (). , . , , ,

' Weber, op. cit., 671. . .


. , , 8. , . . , , , . , , , . , : - ; .

, , . , , 9. ( .) - , .

, . , , , . »10. , , , : , , . , . , ?

, , , , , . , , .

8 . Kenneth Burke,
Permanence and Change (New York: New Republic, 1935), pp. 50 ff.; Daniel Warnotte,
Bureaucratie et Fonctionnarisme, Revue de I'Institut de Sociologie, 1937, 17, 245.
. .

9 Ibid, 5859. . .

10 Ibid, 70. . .


, , . , , , . , . , .

, ( ) , . , , , . (, ). , . , , , , - ". , , , , . , -

11 . , . . , . .: Merton, The unanticipated consequences of purposive social action, American sociolodical Review, 1936, 1, 894904. , , , . , . , , ; , . , . .: Gordon W. Allport, Personality (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1937), chap. 7. . .


, . , -, , , 12. , , . -, , , 13. , , -, , .

, . , , 1927 . , . , , , , , .

, , . , . , 14.

, , , . . (1) -

12 .: .. Hughes, Institutional office and the person, American Journal ofSociology,
1937, 43, 404413; E.T. Hiller, Social structure in relation to the person, Social Forces,
1937, 16,34-4.- . .

13 Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia, 106. . .

14 Chicago Tribune (June, 24,1931, p. 10) by Thurman Arnold, The Symbols
f Government (New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1935), 201202. [ ].
. .


, . (2) ; . (3) , , . (4) , , , . , , , . , .

, - . , . , , , .., 15. , , , . , , , , . ().

. , . , , . , , , , . , , -

15 Mannheim, Mensch und Gesellschaft, 3233. Lebensplan Amtskarriere . Hughes, op. cit., 413. . .


, . , , , , , . , , , , , 16. , , 17.

. - , , , . , , , , . , . , , . , , -, , , ( ).

; - 18. , -

16 A.L. Lowell, The Government of England (New York, 1908), I, 189 fl - . .

" .: F.J. RoethlisbergerandW.J. Dickson, Management and the Worker( Boston: Harvard School of Business Administration. 1934). . .

18 E.C. Hughes, Personality types and the division of labor, American Journal of Sociology, 1928, 33, 754-768. Bo Leopold von Wiese and Howard Becker, Systematic Sociology (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1932), 222-225 e'passim. . .


, ( ). , ( , ) , . , , : , , , , laique en apparence19. , - .

. . , , , , . , . , , , . . , , -

" , , , . . Hughes, op. cit. [ .| , , , , , . .: Folkways, 180181. . .


, , . , , , , ... , 20.

. , , . . , - 21. -

20 , . , . ... , ... (E.W. Bakke, The Unemployed Man, 7980). , , - , , . , : , , . , , , . , , (Weber, op. cit., 652). , , (. Homey, The Neurotic Personality of Our Time, 178179). . .





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