.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

, . .

1- () , 2- () = 1, . , (13)

(4.1)

: D ¾ ; , Qp, Np ¾ , ; 1, Q 1, N 1 ¾ , , (), ( = 1, m = 1); EI, EA, GA ¾ , () ; m ¾ , ; l ¾ .

.

( (4,1)) . :

(4.2)

, (), (4,1) .

(4.3)

, (, ), .

 

 

4.2. (. ) (. 4.9) .

. 1. . (. 4.9, ):

2. (. ) = 1, . . 1- (. 4.9, )

3. , (4.2):

+ D , =1.

4. (. ) (. 4.9, ) 2 :

2 = m = 1.

5. 2- :

, ( ) m = 1, . . .

4.3. 3 (. 4.10). = const.

. :

(5.3)

1. Np . (. 4.10, ). . :

RA = RB = 1.5 P= 9 .

1 5 ,

N 12 = N 56 = - 1.5 P = - 9 ,

N 13 = N 35 = 0.

4 N 34 = P.

, 2 (. 5.3). (sina = 0.6, cosa = 0.8)

S y = 0,

- P N 12 N 23sina = 0.

S x = 0

N 24 + N 23cosa = 0. N 24 = - 5 0.8 = - 4 .

N 36 = N 23 = 5 , N 46 = N 24 = - 4 .

2. , ( 4.10,). .

RA = RB = 0.5 P= 0, 5.

1 5

N 12 = N 56 = 0,5, N 13 = N 35 = 0.

4 N34 = 0.

2 (. 5.4).

S y = 0, N 12 N 23sina = 0.

, S x = 0, N 24 + N 23cosa = 0.

N 24 = .

N 36 = N 23 = 5 , N 46 = N 24 = - 4 .

(4.3) .

Np () li Np li
1-2 - 9 - 0,5 1.5 6,75
1-3        
2-3   5/6 2.5 10.42
2-4 - 4 - 4/6   5.33
3-4 - 6   1.5  
3-5        
3-6   5/6 2.5 10.42
4-6 - 4 - 4/6   5.33
5-6 - 9 - 0,5 1.5 6,75
S       45.01

 

, 3 D3 = 45.01/ EA.

, , , (4.2) , . (4.4).

. (4,4)

: 1 (. 4,13), ( ) w p , . , .

, EI = const S (. 4.13)

S = .

 

2 : 2 = tga,

S = .

,

S =

- , 0, . .

S = tgα∙w x 0. , 0tga = yc. , S

S = w∙

. 1925 .

, (. 4.14) (4.2)

. (4.5)

(4.5) 1905 . -.

 

, , (4.6):

, (4.6)

a, b, c, d ¾ l (. 4,15); e, f ¾ .

 

4.4 (. 4.16, ) C . .

. 1 2 .

1. .

Mx= 0 = 0,

. 4.16, .

2. 1- - (. 4.16, ) 1 (. 4.16, ).

3. 1 (4,6). ( 2).

4. 2- - (. 4.16, ) 2 (. 4.16, ).

5. 2

, . , , , . . .

 

4.5 (. 4.17, ) D, . .

. q, i, i.

Q, (. 4.17, ). ( , , ). 1 1=1, , 2 2=1, D. (. 4.17, ).

:

d D (4.4), ¾ (4.6).

. 4.17, , .

4.6 D (. 4.18, ). .

 

. 1. (. 4.18, ). , .

S mA = 0, - P ∙3 + RB ∙3 = 0, RB = 10 .

S m = 0, - ∙3 + RB ∙1 = 0, B = 10/3 .

S m = 0, - P ∙3 + R ∙3 = 0, R = 10 .

S m = 0, - ∙3 + R ∙2 = 0, = 20/3 .

: S = 0.

2. 1 , D (. 4.19, ).

S mA = 0, - P ∙3 + RB ∙3 = 0, RB = 1.

S m = 0, - ∙3 + RB ∙1 = 0, B = 1/3 .

S m = 0, - P ∙3 + R ∙3 = 0, R = 1 .

S m = 0, - ∙3 + R ∙2 = 0, = 2/3 .

1 . 5.11, .

 

 

 

1 ,

 

,

( EI = 4 EI ), :

4 D 28,3%.

, .

 

5.

 

1. . . . . .: . ., 2000. 416 .

2. . ., . . . .: . ., 1986. 607 .

3. . ., . ., . . . .: , 1984. 210 .

4. . . . . . . 1972. 488 .

5. . . . . .: , 1986. 520 .

6. . ., . ., . . . .: . , 1996. 541 .

7. . . . . .: . , 1995. 572 .

8. . . .. . . ., . , 1993, 116 .

 

 

-

 

- .

( ). , , 2071256, 256. , , .

4 (210297), .

. , .

, , , , . . . , .

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