()
. . , . .
38.112
624.04
24
. . , . . .
. . () , 2010
( , , ) . - .
() , 2010
1. 腅4
1.1. ..4
1.2.
腅....13
2. ........25
2.1. .26
2.2. ...32
3. 腅.. .....36
腅...37
3.2 47
4. 酅 ...57
4.1 充...57
61
5. .....73
.......74
- 1 ( )..75
- 2 ( )77
- 3 ( , )81
( )...85
, . ( ) , . , , , , .
|
|
( ) . , . , .
(. .). , ( , , . .) .
. 1. 1 = 1 .
. . , ( ) ; , , ( ), = 1.
- , .
) (. 1. 2). 1, 2,. n. Z, . Pi∙yi.
Z = P 1 ∙y 1 + P 2 ∙y 2 ++ Pn∙yn =
) M (. 1. 3). , h.
Z = M (y y )/ h., Z = M∙ tgφ,
φ Z .
) (. 1. 3). q ∙ dx dZ = q ∙ dx ∙ y. Z
q = const
ω Z q.
.
- () .
Ra
S MB = 0. RAl P (l x) = 0.
. . . (1.1)
= 0 Ra = 1, = l Ra = 0.
Ra . 1.4.
.. R .
S M = 0. Rl P∙ x = 0.
. . . (1.2)
= 0 R = 0, = l R = 1. R . 1.4.
.
Qc.
(. 1.5). , , Qc = Ra,
. . Qc = . . Ra, (1.3)
. . Qc, , = 1 - R.
|
|
= 1 . .
Qc = - R,
. . Qc = (- 1). . R. 1.4)
. (1.3) (1.4) Qc (. 1.5).
ѻ , . . Qc.
= 1 ѻ. . ѻ
c = Ra∙,
. . c = (. . Ra) ∙, (1.5)
, Ra, (. 1.5).
= 1 ѻ. ,
c = R∙b,
. . c = (. . RB) ∙b, (1.6)
= 0 R = 0, c = 0, = c = (. . RB) ∙b = ( /l)∙ b = a∙b / l.
c . 1.5.
, . , , .
Ra
S y = 0, Ra = P = 1, . .
. . RB = 1 (. . 1.6 ()).
k Qk.
= 1 k. .
Qk = P = 1.
, = 1 k. .
Qk = 0.
k k.
= 1 k. .
k = P∙.
= 0, k = 0, = , k = 1∙ = .
= 1 k. .
k = 0.
Qk k . 1. 6 (, ).
1.1. Qk k (. 1.7.).
. , . , l + d.
, .