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, . :

rS0298 = Σ vi S0298 i ( ) - Σ vj S0298 j ( ),

, v 1 1 + v 2 2 = v 3 3 + v 4 4;

∆rS0298 = [ v 3S0298(3) + v 4 S0298(4) ] - [ v 1S0298(1) + v 2S0298(2) ]

,

2() + ½ 2() = 2(); ∆rS0298

∆rS0298 = S0298 - (S0298 + ½ S0298 ) = 69,95 130,52 ½ 205,04 = - 163,14 /*

(S0298 >0), (rS) , .

 

.

 

≠ 298 .

∆rS0() = ∆rS0298 + dT (1.55)

, () ≠ f(T), :

rS0() = rS0298 + * ln (1.56)

, :

0 = + *

(1.55) :

rS0() = rS0298 + dT = rS0298 + * ln + ( - 298) (1.57)

 

- . , , - (, = const) , . (1.50) = const = const

δ' ≤ - d (U + pv - TS) , (1.58)

δ' ≤ - d ( - TS) (1.59)

G = H TS (1.60)

G - . , = const .

δ' = d' max = - (dG) , (1.61)

' max = - (G2 G1) = - (ΔG) , (1.62)

() () (' max) .

(1.60) = G + T * S, , - . G. * S , .. , . (1.60).

dG = dU + pdv + vdP TdS SdT (1.63)

(1.52), dS ≥ dU + dV

dU ≤ dS dV (1.64)

(1.63) dU dS dV :

dG ≤ - S * d + Vd (1.65)

- (, = const, dp = dT = 0) (1.65) (dG), ≤ 0,

(ΔG), ≤ 0 G → Gmin (1.66)

, - :

1. ΔG = 0 (G → Gmin, ), ;

2. ΔG < 0 (G → Gmin, ), ;

3. ΔG > 0, .

(1.65) ,

dG = SdT + VdP (1.67)

(1.67)

(1.68)

(1.69)

 

(1.68) , , , . , , . (1.69) (1.60),

G = H + T , ( ) 1 2

rG0() = r0() + , (1.70)

= rS0()

(1.70) -, .

rG0 = r0 - rS0 (1.71)

(1.71) , rG0 : - r0 rS0 . , = const.

, , (r0 < 0), , , , .. (rS0 > 0).

, r0 = 0, . , , rS0 = 0, .

.

r0 = rS0 (1.72)

( = 101,3 , = 298 ) rG0298 = r0298 - rS0298 * 298;

rG0298 - fG0298;

rG0298 = (1.73)

fG0298 , , .

fG0298 - ,

fG0298 = f0298 298 fS0298; (1.74)

f0298 fS0298 , , .

 





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