, . . , , (), (V), (), (i), . : (Xi, Yi, Zi), (V ,i; V y,i; V z,i;), . . , , (W). , , : W 104 , , W = 6,02 * 1023 .
, W, . . .
S = k lgW (1.53)
= = 1,38 * 10-23 / ( , ).
,
S = R lgW /* (1.54)
(1.54) , .
, . , (N2) (Ar), . (.1.10).
W1 (. 1.10)
, , U, V = const
. 1.10 .
() , . W2. (W1 > W2). , , :
∆S = S2 S1 = R lgW2 - R lgW1 = R lg
W2 > W1; > 1; > 0, , ∆S > 0
, (1.54) , , .
|
|
.
- ( CsF), . (Cs+) (F-), , . , , . W. , , W .
, = 10 ; . , , = 0 , , , .. , W = 1. (1.54), , =0 (S = 0).
, , .
, .
, , , ; , , , .
, , , , , , .
1.11
. 1.11 .
∆S = S S = 8 / *
∆S = S S = 88 / *
= 600,5
= 2013
:
= 500 = 101,3
= 212 / * ,
= 500 = 30,300
= 146 / *
, , , . = 101,3 S0() . ( = 298 ) S0298.