, , , (. . ). .
, . , , 2SO + 2 ←→ 22 , ( ), 22 , ( ).
2 , 2, , , , . ( ) 2. , ; , . . . ( ). , . .
W , , . . :
W = -dCi /dτ, (179)
Ci , (5).
. , Wi , , , .
( ) . . (1865 T.). , , (1867 T.). (18011803 .) .
, , . .
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2CO + O2 ←→ 2CO2
W1 = k1CCOCCOCo2 = k1C2COCo2
,
W2 = k2CCOCCOCo2 = k2C2Co2,
k1 k2 ; CO, 2 2 .
W1 = W2,
k1C2COCo2 = k2C2Co2, (180)
k1/k2 = KC = C2Co2/ C2COCo2 (181)
KC , ( ). (181) . .
( , ). :
b + dD ←→ + gG, (182)
, D, E, G , ; b, d, e, g .
, .
Σ μi dni = 0.
μB, μD, μE μG, Σ μi dni
eμE + gpG bμB dμD = Σ μi dni = 0. (183)
(143) i-
μi = μi(T) + RT ln pi.
:
eμE = eμE(T) + RT ln peE;
gμG= gμG(T) + RT ln pgG;
bμB= bμB(T) + RT ln pbB;
dμD= dμD(T) + RT ln pdD;
(183),
eμE () + gμG(T) - bμB(T) - dμD(T) + RT( ln peE + ln pgG - ln pbB - ln pdD) = 0
(184)
, , , . In Kp, (184)
(185)
, ,
Kp = (186)
, .
(184) .
, .
, (182), b = nB d = nD, e = n g = nG, , V, , (2), , ( , = n/V), , :
B = (nB/V) RT = CBRT . .
(186),
= (CERT)e (CGRT)g /(CBRT)b (CDRT)d = CeECgG/CbBCdD(RT)Δn. (187)
(187) CeECgG/CbBCdD , C, . .
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KC = CeECgG/CbBCdD (188)
(187) Δn ; Δn = g + e b d. (188) (187)
Kp = Kc (RT)Δn (189)
,
Kc= Kp(RT)-Δn. (190)
(188)(190) , ≠ .
Δn > 0 < , Δn < 0 > . , . , (. . Δn = 0) = .
, , , . , ( ) , , ( ) . , .
(-, , - .).
, , , , , 2 + J2 =2HJ. p , Δn = 0. 2 J2, . . , HJ. 2 J2; HJ . . HJ, HJ, 2 J2 HJ , 2 J2 . , (. 32). , ( J HJ).
, 2 78% HJ 11% 2 J2 713 . .
.
G . dG = 0. (. 33) G ( ). dG = 0 .
(188) (190) , , , - . . , .
. , . . .
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, , - , ,
Kn = neE ngG/nbBndD
, ri:
ni/Σni = ri ,
ri
ri = Vi/V; ni ; Σni .
, , n r.
pi = ri = (ni/Σni) , , (186),
p=(peE pgG)/(pbB pdD)=reErgG /rbBrdD
, reErgG/rbBrdD r,
= Kr (191)
,
neE ngG/nbBndD n,
Kp = Kn(RT/V)Δn. (192)
(189), (191) (192) , , ,
= (RT)Δn = r =Kn (RT/V)Δn (193)
, . . Δn = 0, :
p = = n = . (194)
() , (186) .
Kf = feEfgG/fbBfdD (195)
, (188) ,
Ka = aeEagG/abBadD. (196)
. 5 (196) . f0; f0 = 101 325 , a Kf =