. G = H TS H S , . (16)
dS (88):
dS = 1fT (dU + pdV) (140)
dU = μcVdT, a pdV , :
pdVμ + Vμdp=R dT,
pdVμ = RdT Vμ = RdT Vμdp = RdT RTfp dp.
(140),
5 , .
(141)
Gi0 = Gi(T) + RTlnp (142)
(135) Gi0 = μi, i-
μi = μi(T) + RTlnpi, (143)
pi i-o ; μi (T) , ( ).
i-o ; i , .
piV = niRT pi = nifVi RT = CiRT,
Ci = nifVi - ; ni Vi .
μi = μi() + RT In + RT In (RT)
, RT In (RT), , μi(T) μi() + RT In (RT) (T),
(144)
(143) , pi =ri,
μi= μi*(T) + RT In ri + RT In p. (145)
(145) , , μri (T, ), i- ,
μi = μr (,) + RTlnri. (146)
, pi nipfn ( VifV = nifn),
,
μi() + RT ln RTfV= (T, F),
μi = (T,V) + RT ln ni. (147)
, , . .
, (1901 .) : ( ) f , , . ( ) , , , , , = const
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(148)
; pi i, :
pi = ri.
. (f = p).
, .
, i-o
μi = μi(T) + RT ln fi
(149)
,
ΔG = Gi Gi0 = (150)
, , . , , , ,
f/p = p/p
; , , = RT/Vμ Vμ.
γ, :
γ = f/p.
. , , , .
ΔG = G G0 = =RT ln f, (151)
f 0 = 1.
, , . ( ).
, i ()
In λi = μi/RT, (152)
μi i-o .
, i-o
ai = λi/λi0 (153)
In ai = (μi μi0)/RT. (154)
, , . i0 = 1. , , .
(148) :
ai = fi/fi0. (155)
fi0 = 1, , ,
ai = fi.
(144) ,
μi = μiai (T) + RT ln ai (156)
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, (150),
Gi Gi0 = RT ln ai. (157)
, ,
φi = ai/ri, (158)
ri .