, - :
│ │ │
R R R
. . .
-, - :
R OH R O - + H+
, (20 = 1,8*10-16, 3 10-17). , , , , RO H. : > >.
ROH ( ). , ROH. , :
25 + I C2H5OH2 + I-
- , . ( ), :
: > > . +I- , -.
, , .
.
1. :
2ROH + 2Na = 2RONa + H2
2. :
ROH + R*COOH R*COOR + H2O
ROH + HONO2 RONO2 + H2O ;
ROH + HOSO2OH ROSO2OR + 2H2O ;
ROH + (HO)3PO (RO)3PO +3 H2O
ROH + HX RX + H2O
, , , RSO2OH , ROPO(OH)2 , (RO)2PO(OH) . , , , , .
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3. PCI3, PCI5, PBr3, PI3 SOCI2:
ROH + PCI5 R CI + POCI3
ROH + SOCI2 R CI + SO2 + HCI
. HI, HBr , HCI , , ZnCI2. .
4. :
) 140
ROH + HOSO2OH ROSO2OH + H2O
ROSO2OH + HOR RO-R + H2SO4
) 160
R-2-2OH + HOSO2OH R2-2OSO2OH + H2O
R2-2OSO2OH RCH=CH2 + H2SO4
5. , , :
RCH2OH RCHO RCOOH
R2CHOH R2CO
, .
u, Ag, Ni, Pd, Pt:
RCH2OH RCHO + H2
R2CHOH R2CO
( KMnO4 + H2SO4 ) .
, , , , . (II).