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(e adjective) 10




must, ought to, should, need, have got o . an, may, be to (Present Indefinite and Past Indefinite), : can could; may - might; am, is, are to was, were to. have to , (Pr sent, Pst Future Indefinite), : ha ve/ has to had to shall/ will have to.

, have to, do, :

m I to come tomorrow? - ?

You mustnt do it. - B .

I cannot answer this question. - .

, . must, n (could), may (might), should, need (.e. to), be to, ought to, have (got) to - (.. t):

Im afraid I must be off. - , .

nt you see him? - ?

May I speak to you? - ?

What are we to do now? - ?

You ought to know it. - .

Wll have to wait for Mary. - .

. :

- n you speak English? -?

- s, I can. - .

u can come toda, cant u? - , ?

, . :

I dont feel like going there but - , , ,

Im afraid I ll have to. .

h boy ran as fast as he could. - .

Do it yourself if you can. - , .


7.7.5.1. Can

Can :

- -
Present Indefinite I can swim. Can I swim? I cannot (cant) swim.
Past Indefinite I could swim. Could I swim? I could not (couldnt) swim.

Cn/ Could :

1) , , ( n) ( ould) :

You can drive a car, cant you? - ?

I c uldnt c m earlier, I had a - , y

music lesson. .

can to be able to ( Future Indefinite) + :

In two ars h will be able to -

speak English p rf ctly well. -.

to be able + / uld, , . :

I cant ski. .

I am not able to ski today, I ve - ( )

hurt my leg. , .

2) , :

Cant you keep quiet? - ?

u an't pl f tb ll here. - .

3) , , :

It cant be true! - !

She cant have said it. - .

Can he have left after all? - -?

4) cannot but + , ..:

I cannot but agree with you. - .

One cannot but admit - ...

5) , . can/ c uld :

Can you see that house? - ?

Can you hear that strange noise? - ?

6) could (not) , , :

Could you give me some milk? - ?

Couldnt you find the last copy -

of the Guardian for me? ?

I wonder if you could possibly - ,

answer a personal question? ?

7.7.5.2. a

ma :

-
Present Indefinite I may go May I go? I may not go
Past Indefinite I might go Might I go? I might not (mightnt) go

m / might :

1) , ( ) ( ):

a I come in? - Yes, you . - ? , .

May I go out? No, you may not. - ? - , .

might :

Might I trouble you for a minute? - ?

2) , ( , ). m / might , . may might , : , , might . / (The Indefinite Infinitive - The Perfect Infinitive):

He may/ might come at any - .

moment.

He may/might have come already. - , .

3) might :

You might be a bit more polite. - .

You might have told me - .

everything.

4) may/ might that, so that, in order that ( ; ):

Jerr has told him to meet him -

next morning so that they may ,

work together. .


7.7.5.3. Must

must . must :

1) , , , ( ) ( ):

You must be red b nin. - .

Must w do it today? - ?

You mustnt speak like that. - .

must , need, have to, have got to :

- Must we do exercise 2? - 2?

- No, you neednt. - , .

She doesnt have to come here -

every week-end. .

must h v to:

esterd I had to go to the doctor. - .

Tomorrow I ll have to leave. - .

2) , must ; must :

She must be ill. - , , .

He must be playing football. - , , .

We must have taken a wrong turn. - , e

.

, ..., , ..., :

must b unaware of this. - , , .

e must have misunderstood me. - , , .

must e , . must probably . is sure to:

He will probably come soon. - , , .

is sure to


7.7.5.4. Have/ Have got

have :

Present Indefinite I have to go She has Do I have to Does she go? I do not have She does to go
Past Indefinite I had to go Did I have to go? I did not have to go
Future Indefinite I shall have She will to go Shall I have Will she to go? I shall not have She will to go

have to ( ) ( ) , .

must have to r sent Indefinite: must /. have to , , :

I must learn this m, I like it very - -

much. , .

I dont like this poem but I have to - -

learn it. , .

must h v to h v got to, :

W have got to finish this job by -

three. .

Is this all I ve got to do? - , ?

7.7.5.5. Should

sh uld :

1) , :

You should be more careful. - .

What should I do now? - ?

2) should - ( ) ( ):

You should have helped your friend. -

.

You shouldnt have laughed at him. .

3) :

h y should be there by now, I think. , .

h film should be interesting. - .

7.7.5.6. Ought

ought oy , . ought :

1) :

Perhaps she oughtnt to work in - , ( -

the kindergarten, she is too nervous. ) ,

.

2) , :

You ought to help your sister. - .

These things oughtnt to be done. - .

3) 2- 3- . :

You ought to consult a doctor. -

.

coe ought ( ) ( ). ught should, . Ought , should . :

You should have written this word -

with capital l tter. .

You ought to have been kinder to -

him. .

7.7.5.7. To Be

to be resent st Indefinite:

Present Indefinite I am He is to come They are Am I Is he to come? Are they I am He is not to come They are
Past Indefinite I was to They were come Was I to Were they come? I was not to They were come

 

to be to ,

1) ( ) , , :

What exams are we to take this year? -

?

The meeting is to start at 7. - 7.

Ann was to arrive on Saturday. -

.

The train is to arrive at 11.30. - 11.30.

2) w s / were to , :

We were to have gone on an - -

excursion yesterday but the weather ,

was too wet. .

3) to be to , . :

The chief says I am to be in charge of - ,

the programme. .

The students are to hand in their -

ourse rs by 1st. 1 .

4) to be to . :

At that time he didn t know that he - ,

was never to see his son again.

.

5) , :

His father was often to be seen -

talking to the workers. .

Where is he to be found? - ?

, t be to .

7.7.5.8. Need

need .

need :

You need not come. - .

need , . :

You neednt have come. - .

need , . to. to have to, , . :

I do not need to explain anything. - .

Did you need to read all these -

books? ?

7.7.5.9. Dare

dare .

dare : d re - dared - . -. , how, . :

How dare she come here? - ?

He dared not look at her. - .

d re , . , d re, . :

Nobody dared to ask him about it. -

.

I knew that he had never dared to - ,

come to their house since that

incident. .

dare t.

( RSITION)

8.1.

, , . . :

I found the book on the floor. . on
You can rely on (upon) me. - . on (upon)

John was born on the twenty-first of May.

- .

on
. of

, of , ; to - ( to); by with - ( ). by /, with - . , , , :

He sent a letter to Paul. .
Moscow is the capital of Russia. .
Dont write with a pencil. .
The letter was written by him. .

, : at last - , for good - , by no means - , by the way - ..

, .

, , , : in, on, at, by, to, with, from, of .. .

. : inside - , outside - , upon - , into , throughout - , ..

, , , , , . , , e . : because of - -; instead of - ; by means of - ; as far as - ; by force of - ; in spite of - ; in front of - ; in accordance with - ; as compared with - c; opposite to - .

, : during - ; including - ; concerning, regarding - ..

e . , by : , , , , , , , , , , , .:

was sitting by the door. .

He will come by five oclock. - .

She took him by the hand. - a a .

I go by your place every day. -

.

I only know him by name. - .





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