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ee (h sentence)




12.1.

, , ( ) ( ), :

The sun rises in the east. - .

Its difficult to find a black cat in a -

dark room, especially when theres - ,

none. .

, - , . , : - , , .

. (Simpl Sentences) (Unextended Sentences) (Extended Sentences). (Compound Sentences) (Complex Sentences).

, - . :

A good beginningmakes a good -

ending. . (.:

).

Help! Help! Fire! - ! ! !

, , ( Two-member Sentences). , , . , , (On- member Sentences). . :

1) e, :

Open the window. - .

2) -, , :

What a day! - !

How wonderful! - !

3) -, oy:

Why not send him a telegram? 󠠠

?

What about inviting him to dinner - ?

4) - -:

Yes. - . No. .

5) :

Hi (Hello)! - !

Good- bye. - .

Thanks a lot. - .

E - , ( Homogeneous Parts). , . , , , , :

The hotel was expensive but dirty. - ,

.

He is kind, friendly and willing to - ,

help. .

, . :

A pretty young woman came up -

~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

to me. .

~~~~~~

:

The train is late. .
May I come in? ?
() Come along, boys! , !
How nice of you! !

, , . , , , , , , .

12.2. (Declarative Sentences)

- . :

Work is the basis of human development. - p .

I dont quite understand you. - .

, , .

, .

(Direct Word Order ), , . .

:

- -/

-

-

-

-oe

.

  My name is Mary.
  I like  

skiing.

  My Dad teaches me

to swim

  Peter bought his sister

a book

for a present.

  He read his friend

a letter.

  He read a letter

to his friend

  They were walking slowly

along the river bank

early in the morning
Early in the morning they were walking slowly

along the riverbank

 
  I met

him

 

there

last night.
  John sent

a letter

  yester-day.
On the beach some people were lying   on the sand.
  I met

Jack

by chance

in the country

in summer
                           

, .. , ( The Inversion).

. :

1) there is: There is a park near my home (there is - ; rk ). there + to be ( ) , .

there is , , . : . . . . there is (are), . to be . , there is :

There is a book on the table. - (, , )

.

her are plenty of books on that - (, ,

table. ) .

There will be a party tomorrow. - .

, there + to be , , there - :

There is a book on the table.

to be ther + to be :

There was such a sledge in the - -

camp with ten dogs hitched to it. .

I suppose, said George, that , - ,

there has been an earthquake. .

There are a lot of people there. - .

:

her being nothing else to do, we -

went to bed. , .

to be there to seem, to appear - :

There must be some solution of the - -

problem. .

There seems (appears) to be no - (- )

doubt about it. .

there (), . there , :

I dont see anything there. - e .

There is a student there. - .

there , to remain - , to exist - , to arise - , to come - , to happen - , to appear - :

There appeared startling bright -

flashes of white light. .

( , ) there , :

There lived an old woman in the - - ,

town who was very poor. .

, there there .

2) - s, r neither So (neither, nor) do (have, am, can) I, . -( resent Past Indefinite) b, h ve, shall, will ( ):

I like the film very much. - .

- So do I. - .

He came early. So did I. - . .

Tom hasnt many English books. - .

- Neither (nor) has Mary. - .

3) , here, there, now, then, :

Here is the book youve been - , .

looking for.

Here comes our bus. - .

, :

Here you are. - , .

4) had, were, should:

Had I not been ill I should have - ,

come by all means. .

Should you meet him in town -

ask him to ring me up. , .

5) , :

Who can answer the question? -

asked the teacher. ? - .

, :

Whats the matter? he said. - ? - .

6) , h rdl, sc rc ly, no soon r, never, nothing, not only . , , -, . s re l hardly, when, no sooner, than:

Scarcely (hardly) had he finished - ,

his work when somebody knocked - .

at the door.

No sooner had this letter arrived - e ,

that his mind was at work planning

a meeting. .

Never had he felt such deep -

hatred for the enemy. .

Not only is the position of the - H -

earth changing but the earth itself ,

is undergoing changes. .

12.3. (Interrogative Sentences)

() .

, . , , Present Past Indefinite - do, did. , (You saw Pete yesterday? ?) .

: (General Questions), (Special Questions), (Alternative Questions) () (Disjunctive Questions).

12.3.1. (General Questions)

- , , .. , .

:

1) , t be to have r sent Indefinite Past Indefinite:

Have you a dictionary? - ?

Were you very busy? - ?

there is, to be there, - :

Is there any bread left? - ?

2) , :

n you give me anything to read? - -

?

Have you seen the ballet? - ?

, :

Has she been working here for - ?

five years?

2) r sent Indefinite st Indefinite ( to be to have), do (does) did, :

Does he study at the University? - ?

Did you see him yesterday? - ?

t have (to have breakfast, to have a rest ..) , t d :

What time do you have breakfast? - B ?

When do you have to be there? - ?

CA to have to do. :

Br. E.: Have you any English books?

Am. E.: Do you have any English books? ?

. , Yes No, , , . not :

Do you play chess? - ?

Yes, I do. No, I dont. . - .

Can you do it? - - ?

Yes, I can. No, I cant. . - .

, th re is, :

Is there a dictionary on the table? - - ? -

Yes, there is. No, there isnt. . - e.

any, some, not any none:

Are there any dictionaries in the - ? -

library? Yes, there are (some). ().

- No, there are not any - .

(there are none).

not, . , ? ?:

Dont you want to see our park?

Do you not want to see our park? ?

, :

Have you seen Jane? - ?

Do you know Jane Morgan? - ?

. Yes. :

Haven t you seen Jane? - - ? -

Yes, I have. , .

Didn t you finish your work -

yesterday? Yes, I did. ? - , .

12.3.2. (Special/ Wh- Questions)

, - , , .

, , , , , . , , . .

what, which, where, when, who, why, how, how long, how much/ many , : , , , .

:

What are you writing? ?
. What train shall we take? ?
What are you laughing at? ?
- What film are they talking about? ?
Where are you going? ?
What street do you live in? ?
What is he? Who is this boy? ( )? ? ( , ..)
Whose pen is this? How much is it? ? ?
Who told you that? ?
What river flows through London? How many students attended the lecture? ? - ?

who what , . , , :

Who helps you in your work? - ?

Who were dancing in that corner - ,

near the palm-tree? ?

, , , c :

Who brought you this book? - - ? -

My friend did. .

Who invented the radio? Popov did. - ? - .

:

When are you leaving? We have - ? -

not fixed the day yet. .

Whats the matter with you, Jane? - - , ? -

Im feeling unwell, I have a ,

headache. .

, , :

When are you leaving? Tomorrow. - ? - .

What s the matter with you? Why, - ? - .

nothing.

Where are our seats? Row 12, - ? -

seats 18 and 19. , -

.

.

12.3.3. (Alternative Questions)

, , , .. . ( ) ( ) or. , r - .

, , :

Do you work or (do you) study?- - ? -

I study. .

When will you come: in the evening - :

or in the morning? I shall come in ? - y .

the morning.

, , . :

Did you or did your brother win the - -

first prize at the chess tournament?- -

My brother did. ? - .

, :

What conductors offer more -

resistance: long ones or short ones? :

?

12.3.4. (Disjunctive Questions)

. - oec- , - , - . - t d. ( Yes), - ; ( No), .

. : , , .. , . , .

: ? ? ? ? - :

He is here, isnt he? - , ?

He isnt here, is he? - , ?

Jne doesnt play tennis, does she? - , ?

You have such a book, havent you?- ?

:

Today is Monday, isnt it? Yes, it - ? .

is.

You dont like coffee, do you? No,- , ? -

I dont. .

That s right. Thats so. Quite right. Quite so:

You have been here before, havent - ,

you? Thats right. ? - .

You returned from the trip yester- -

day, didnt you? Thats so. ?- .

, yes, - no, , o . :

You didnt like the song, did you? - , ?

Yes, I did. - , .

No, I didnt. - , .

12.4. () (Imperative Sentences)

, , , , . .

- . . :

me here! - !

Dont be silly! - !

Lets go at once. - .

please will you? won t you? , . will you? won t you? . :

Close the window, will you? - , , .

m and see me, wont you? - , .

Pass me the salt, please. - , .

t do:

Do write to me! - , !

Do be serious, George! - , !

you (, ):

You mind your own business! -

!

you don t:

And dont you forget it! - !

, 1- 3- , t let ( . 13.3.1.2.):

Let him learn it by heart. - .

Let us stay at home. - .

Lets not quarrel. - .

, . :

1) ( ), :

Would you please shut the door? - ?

Wont you stay a little longer? - -?

2) :

You mustn t be late for school. - .

You should be more attentive. - .

3) :

Enough of this! Silence! - !!

12.5. (Exclamatory Sentences)

- (, , , ..). - :

What a pretty hat youve got! - !

How well he speaks English! - -!

What a clever girl she is! - !

(, ). - :

Why, its him! - a, !

Oh, it will be very interesting! - Ax, !

Why, isnt it funny? - ?

on art h ( a ). :

Where on earth is my pen? - , , o ?

Why on earth did you come so - , ,

late? ?

what, how, . how , what - . what . . ( + ) :

What a pretty room this is! - !

What silly mistakes youve made! - !

What wonderful news this is! - !

How tall youve grown! - !

How late it is! - !

-, . :

How good of you to come! - , !

How awful! - !

Splendid! - !

12.6. (Negative Sentences)

, , . not, . not :

1) . not :

I dont remember when he was - ,

here last. .

Without you he wouldnt have , .

known what to do.

2) :

I cant live on my wages with -

prices as they are. .

3) :

She isnt yet forty. - .

He wasnt there. - .

4) to be there is, , :

There werent any lessons today. - .

There isnt a book there. - .

Th re arent five pencils on the table. - .

5) to have - , , , :

I havent (got) a red pencil. - .

m hasnt any money - .

He didnt have the book last year.- po

.

no. , e :

I have no fountain pen. - e .

There are no books on the table. - .

. , (no, nobody, no one, none, nothing), (never, nowhere) neither nor. , , , . :

I ve never seen anything like that. -

.

Nobody tells me anything. - .

Neither the war nor his months - , back in the mines had aged him. .





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