morning. I have been trying to
get my new room in order. .
By the lunchtime I had been -
working for three hours. .
By 7 oclock this evening he -
will have been flying in the 36 .
orbit for 36 hours.
erfect Continuous o a , .
7.2.4.1. ( he Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous
. | 1 | I have (Ive) been working | Have I been working? | I have (Ive) not been working |
2 | You (Youve) have been working | Have you been working? | You (Youve) have not been working | |
3 | He has been She (s been) It working | Has he been she working? it | He has not been She (s not)working It | |
| 1 | We have (Weve) been working | Have we been working? | We have (Weve) not been working |
2 | You (Youve) have been working | Have you been working? | You (Youve) have not been working | |
3 | They have (Theyve) been working | Have they been working? | They have (Theyve) not been working |
o copae cooae have/ has ve s, aeo - o cop ve/s have/ has, not havent, hasnt .
p Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous , :
) ;
) .
resent Perfect Continuous yo . c r sent Perfect Continuous r sent Perfect.
, , resent Perfect Continuous :
I have been waiting for you for - !
twenty minutes! ( )
I have been writing this letter the -
whole morning. ( ).
Pr s nt P rf t Continuous , . :
I hope you ve not been standing - ,
here long. ( -
, ).
The boys have not been sleeping -
at all well lately. .
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|
r sent Perfect:
He lost his job two years ago. - .
hasnt worked since. - ().
Ann hasnt slept fr two das. - () .
resent Perf ct ntinuous, , , . :
) ll my 1 if, these three years, all this week, 1 all this year, lately . :
We have been staying here all - .
this week.
) , for:
They ve been writing a composi- - .
tion for two hours.
) since, , :
returned t 3 and has been reading since. | . | |
Hes been reading since 3. | . | |
Hes been reading since he returned. | , . |
, , since, ast Indefinite, , . , , / , resent Perfect Continuous:
I have been meeting your friend every -
day since we have been working on ,
the report. .
, , , , st Indefinite. :
I have been playing for the school -
football team for two years .
I played for the school football team - -
for two years at school. ,
.
r s nt Perfect C ntinuous , . , . :
Its wet in the street. It s been - . -
raining. .
Im not hot. I ve just been running. - . .
r sent Perfe t Continuous , . Pr s nt Perfect Continuous . :
I ve been wanting to talk to you. -
.
7.2.4.2. (The Pst
Perfect Continuous ns)
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|
Pst rfect Continuous
Past Perfect C ntinu us .
She had (Shed) been cooking | Had she been cooking? | She had not (hadnt) been cooking |
st Perfect Continuous
st Perfect Continuous , , . :
I realised I d been overworking - ,
.
When at last she appeared I had - , , ,
been waiting for three hours. .
Present P rf ct C ntinuous, P st Perfect Continuous , , f r, since, .
Jim said he d been reading all day. - , .
I knew they had been correspond- - ,
ing for many years. .
He said hed been working in a - ,
newspaper since the war. .
She saw from their wet costumes - -
that they had been swimming. , .
Pr s nt Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous . st Perfect:
I was told that the sisters hadnt - , -
met since their mothers death. .
She said she had been there all - ,
morning. .
7.2.4.3. (The Future Perfect Continuous Tense)
a Future Perfect Continuous
. | 1 | I shall (Ill) have (ve) been running | Shall I have (ve) been running? | I shall not (shant) have (ve) been running |
2 | You will (youll) have (ve) been running | Will you have (ve) been running? | You will not (wont) have (ve)been running | |
3 | He will (ll) She have (ve) been It running | he have(ve) Will she been it running? | He will (ll) not She (wont) have (ve) It been running | |
. | 1 | We shall (Well) have (ve) been running | Shall we have (ve) been running? | We shall not (shant) have (ve) been running |
2 | You will (youll) have (ve) been running | Will you have (ve) been running? | You will not (wont) have (ve) been running | |
3 | They will (theyll) have (ve) been running | Will they have (ve) been running? | They will not (won/t) have (ve) been running |
Future Perfect Continuous
Future Perfect Continuous , - / /. Future P rf t Continuous , - , . , . - - :
Next year our Institute will have been -
working at this problem for five ,
years.
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|
.
Yes, but by that time I ll have been - ,
waiting for half a year! !
7.2.4.4. (The Future Perfect Continuous in the Past)
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past , Future Perfect Continuous, , shall, will should would. , Future Perfect Continuous, to tell, to say, to think . .
She exclaimed that by that time she - ,
would have been waiting for him for
half a year. .
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past , Future Perfect Continuous
7.3. ( he Passive Voice)
7.3.1.
he Passive Voice , to be II (Participle II) .
he Passive Voice :
to be done ( )
Time Aspect | Present | Past | Future | Future in the Past |
Indefinite | am is done are | was were done | shall be done will | should be would done |
Continuous | am being is done are | was being were done | - | - |
Perfect | have been has done | had been done | shall have been will done | should have would been done |
, Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, Future Continuous in the Past.
, , :
1) not - The b ok hs not been written;
2) Has the book been written?
, .
7.3.2.
The Passive Voice , , , , . . (rnsitive Verbs), , ( ) - , . , , . : to tell (a story, the truth); to see (a dog, the sun); to show (a room, a picture); to give (something, advice); to buy (things, goods) ..
(Intransitive Verbs), , , : to shine, to go, to walk, to sleep, to remain, to live, to smile ..
, . . :
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He walked in the park every evening. - .
The parents walked him into his room. -
.
He ran down the road towards the car.- .
We ran our boat into some quiet -
little nook. .
, :
1) , , , , . , :
) - , :
I dont like when I m ordered about. - H , .
) :
He was told to stay at home. - .
) :
He hasnt been heard from for two -
days. .
2) , , , , . :
to help | |
to manage | |
to ring | |
to answer | |
to follow | |
to attend | |
to influence | |
to affect | |
. | He was helped to open the door. |
) , , , , - /. : to listen to, to look after, to wait for, to call upon, to search for .:
The young trees were properly -
looked after. .
:
1) ( the Direct Passive), . :
W speak English here. English is - -.
spoken here.
I knew why theyd chosen me. I knew - ,
why I had been chosen. .
2) ( The Indirect Passive), . to tell, to give, to show, to pay, to leave, to promise, to lend, to send ., - , : , , . :
She gave her sister a car. - .
Her sister was given a car. - .
A car was given to her sister.
, :
You were lent ten thousands - pounds last year. .
) ( The Prepositional Passive), . . :
They have sent for the doctor.
he doctor has been sent for. - .
She hated when somebody was - ,
laughing at her. She hated .
when she was being laughed at.
, . , , , b. :
Many valuable pictures were -
destroyed by the fire. .
The theatre was closed by the - .
police.
a , , :
1) , . :
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We arranged to meet at 5 o clock. - 5
.
2) , , , , , .., , , , , . :
We knew that he wouldn t accept - ,
the offer. It was known that . , he wouldnt accept the offer. .
) (to resemble, to suit, to fit, to have, to possess, to lack), . :
The boy resembles his father. - .
: The father is resembled by the boy.
4) t say, to explain, to announce, to point out, to devote, to suggest, to propose .., , - . :
Then the difficulty was explained - .
to them.
7.4. ( h Imperative Mood)
2- :
Write! - ! Come - !
do n t . don t.
Do not be 1ate. = Dont be late. - He .
Do not do it! = Dont do it! - He !
, , . :
Come along, Nick! - , !
you (, , ..):
u mind your own business! - !
don t:
And dont you forget it! - !
do, :
Do come tomorrow! - !
, le s ( ) will you, won t you :
Open the window, please. - , .
Help me with this task, will you? - , a?
Have a cup of tea, wont you? - , xo?
just , will you :
Just come here for a moment, will - ,
you? o?
just , -: