5) ( ofcndition): if - ; unless - ; provided (that), r viding (that) - ; supposing (that) - ; , ; n - , :
Once you hesitate you are lost. - - .
6) ( nssive): although, though - ;
7) ( of mnnr): as - ; as if, as though - , ;
8) ( of comparison ): as - , than - ; as as - () ... (); not so as - a(o) ; so... as - ()... ; the... the - ... . th th ... + / . : the more... the less - ... ; the longer the b tt r - ... ..
9) ( fresult): th t - /...; so that - ; :
That you should come here is my idea. -
.
9.3.
- , . w ho -, ; w hos - , ; what - ; which - , ; that - w h n ; where - , ; h w - ; wh . , , . :
W. Shakespeare is the greatest writer whom England has ever known. | . , - . | whom - , |
William Sydney Porter who is known under his pen name OHenry is one of the best known writers of America. | , ., - - . | who -, . |
In the years of stagnati-on when Alexander Sol-zenitsin was expelled from the USSR he beca-me a Nobel prize winner. | , , . | wh n , . |
9.4. , ,
. :
I met him in 1983 and have not seen him since. | 1983 . . | since - , .. - -, o |
He realised that the old life he had lived since boyhood was ended. | , , , . | since - , .. - - . |
What have you been doing since you left our town? | , ? | since - , .. - . |
M. Lomonosov was a multitalented scientist the like of whom Russia had never known before. | . -, - , . | since - |
He would sit brooding, his paper unread before him. | , -, (.: ). | before - |
A tested specimen shrinks before an explosion takes place. | , . | before - |
I wanted to do it, but I couldnt. | , . | but |
I men nobody there but him. | , . | but - |
(PARTICLES)
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|
10.1.
- , ( ) . , , , . / , , , , , . :
The address is to be written only -
on this side. .
(Only n this side)
Only the address is to be written -
on this side. .
(Only the address)
10.2. 3
, , :
1) -: v n - ; only - ; merely - , ; just - , , ; alone - .;
2) : v n - , yet, still - , just - , ; simply - ; never - .
3) : just, right, exactly, precisely - , , , . :
John, Mary, Sam and even Bill came - , ,
to him. .
Just you do this and I - ...
He saw at once that Mr Gamfield - , -
was exactly the kind of master that ,
Oliver Twist wanted. .
Oh, I merely came to water the - ,
roses. .
10.3. ,
, c (just, still, never, re isel ..), pe - (right, ven, nl) (all, ith r).
, , . , , , , , , ; , , ; , . , , , , , , .
|
|
, . :
He is just the man to do it. | , - . | just - , - the man |
He has just left the office. | . | just |
The increase of industrial output during the last several years alone was enormous. | - - . | alone , - the last several years |
I can perform the experiment alone. | o . | alone - |
He simply couldnt bear joking on such subjects. | . | simply - , - could |
He did it quite simply. | . | simply |
He wont be hurt if he remains still under any circumstances. | , c c. | still |
By breaking the chair into still1 smaller pieces we still2 get complete mess, not diamonds, said Oscar Bender. | , , , - . | still1 - , - -; still2 -, |
10.4. only, too also
only e , , :
He only promised to copy the article. | ||
Only he promised to copy the article. | . | |
He promised only to copy the article. | . |
t , , :
I should like to know it too. - .
She was late too. - .
He was generous, too, and - ,
courageous by nature. , .
ls , :
I remember also that a house - ,
has a broken door. .
There was also nothing attractive - a
in him. .
It is also a fact that Scrooge had - , p
seen it. () .
I shall also try to be there at ten. - 10.
not -. , :
1) - :
Six weeks isnt really long. - - .
I dont know , said Paul. - , - .
I cannot see you. - .
2) :
He begged her not to go. - O .
He said not a word more. - O e .
3) ( ) :
- h n theres no danger? , ?
- Certainly not - , .
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|
- You definitely shall not go till you - ,
have told me all! - I would rather !
not, just now. -
.
4) ( ):
Are you going to tell him all about -
it? Not I (me). ? () .
Will he come and help us? Not he. - ? -
.
5) , ( , : to hope, to think, to believe ..:
Is it possible to repair the watch? - ?
- Im afraid not. - , .
A man of your sort is not likely to - He , ,
be ignorant of it. I hope not. ,
- , .
6) or, whether (if) or not :
I dont know if theyve come or not. - , .
I don t know whether he was - , .
pleased or not.
When I opened the door, believe me - , -
or not, that man disappeared. , ,
!
10.5. not
not, , - , , - . t , . not:
I shouldnt have found you even - ,
now if I hadnt met Joe in the
street this morning. .
He was not ready yet. - .
You neednt be afraid of this dog. - .
a not :
be or not to be, that is the - ,
question. .
And up he went, not caring a button - ,
for that. .
Not having lunched in time, he - ,
would be hungry. .
I was angry with him for not having - ,
told me about it. a .
10.6.
s No - . , , . , , -. , :
he mate murmured to himself, -
No. He cant. No! : . . !
Did you leave the door unlocked? - ?
- Yes. .
Is he going too? No, no, no! ?- , , !
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Send me a wire, just in case. -
- Yes. . - .