Just look at him! - !
1- 3- ; l t . /, , ( - ), l t .
Let her go home at once. - .
Let me think. - .
1- let us let s:
Lets go to the cinema. - .
, 1- shall we, :
Lets go to the cinema, shall we? - , ?
1- 3- d n t (d n t) let not do, :
Dont let us argue about it. = -
= Let us not argue about it. .
7.5. ( h Subjunctive Mood)
, , , , , .
I wish it were spring now! - !
He would have come if he had not - ,
been ill. .
, :
Its strange that you should say all - , .
this.
Its surprising that they should - , .
be late.
, - - ( ), : I (Subjunctive I) II (Subjunctive II).
7.5.1. I (Subjunctive I)
Subjunctive I
Subjunctive I : Present Subjunctive I, Past Subjunctive I Perfect Subjunctive I, , to be.
Subjunctive I
Present Subjunctive I | Past Subjunctive I | Perfect Subjunctive I | |||
He | be | He | were | He | had been |
ask | asked | had asked |
Subjunctive I
Subjunctive I ( ), .
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Present Subjunctive I , , , .. , .
Present Subjunctive I :
1) God save the King/ Queen! Heaven forbid; Be that as it may; Long live; God bless:
Long live peace throughout the world! - !
God bless America! - , !
2) - to suggest, to demand, to order, to command . + that:
I suggest that we all go to the -
opera tonight. .
) , It is necessary It is recommended It is desirable It is better
It is necessary that all peace- - ,
loving people join their efforts
in the struggle for peace. .
Present Subjunctive I . Subjunctive II, Present Subjunctive I .
PstSubjunctive I Perfect Subjunctive I , :
If I were you, I d go there. - ,
.
He described Africa so vividly as if - ,
he had been there himself. .
PstSubjunctive I Perfect Subjunctive I , , .
Past Subjunctive I , .
If it were not so late, I should go with - ,
you. .
If I had more time, I should attend -
all symphony concerts. ,
.
Perfect Subjunctive I , :
If you had been at the lecture, I - ,
should have seen you. .
He looked at me as if he had never - O ,
seen me before.
.
I wish I had gone there. - .
(, ).
Past Subjunctive I Perfect Subjunctive I :
1) , :
If I were rich, I wouldnt work at all. - ,
c .
2) to wish . : , ... , ...:
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I wish I knew how to do it. - , .
) , as if, as though:
She looked as if she were ill. - .
4) It s (about/ high) time, , If only, :
Its about time you knew how to - ,
behave yourself. .
If only she didnt snore! - !
5) Past Subjunctive I t have you d, he d (had) better + :
Youd better stay at home. - .
7.5.2. II (Subjunctive II)
SubjunctiveII
Subjunctive II , should . Subjunctive II : II (Pr sent Subjunctive II) II (Perfect Subjunctive II).
Subjunctive II
Present Subjunctive II | Perfect Subjunctive II |
She should (not) ask d nt | She should (not)have asked d nt ve |
Subjunctive II
Subjunctive II , (, ..) (, , , ) .
Nick suggested that we all should - ,
stay at his place.
().
If you should be at the post-office - ,
buy me couple of envelopes. ().
Its a pity that he should have - ,
failed at the exam. ().
Subjunctive II ; , .
r sent Subjunctive II , , :
Its strange that he should think so. - , a.
Perfect Subjunctive II , , :
Its a pity he should have fallen ill. - , .
Subjunctive II :
1) , it: it is (was) strange (necessary, important, impossible, a pity, a shame, unlikely):
It is important than the work should - ,
be finished by the end of the week. .
Is it possible that the boy should have - ,
been so foolish? ?
젠 for - :
Its necessary for you to go there at -
once. : Its necessary that you .
should go there at once.
2) , , , , , , to suggest, to recommend, to demand, to insist, to order, to give orders, to be sorry, to command ..:
I m sorry that it should have - , .
happened so.
The teacher advised that the boy -
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should be sent to a music school. .
3) :
If you should find out his address - -
let me know. ,
.
if . sh uld , - , .. . :
Should he dropin, ask him to wait - ,
for me. .
4) , , , ..:
Why should I go there? - ?
How should I know? - ?
7.6. (Conditional Mood)
, , - , , - , .
Conditional Mood
Conditional Mood - , should would . Conditional Mood : (Present Conditional) (Perfect Conditional).
Conditional Mood
Present Conditional | Perfect Conditional | ||
We should (not) He would | go there | We should (not) He would | have gone there |
Future in the Past: should 1- , would - .
Conditional Mood
Conditional Mood , , .
If I were you I should tell him the -
whole truth. .
If Tom had been here yesterday he d - ,
have helped us. .
, Conditional Mood . . :
I d like to talk to you. - .
Would you like to come for a walk? - ?
Present Conditional :
It would be fine if you could join us - ,
tomorrow. .
Would you mind shutting the door? - ?
Past nditional :
If you had come yesterday you d have - ,
met Nick. .
Conditional Mood :
1) :
It would be nice, wouldnt it? - , ?
2) , ast Subjunctive Perfect Subjunctive; Pr sent Conditional Past Subjunctive, a Past Conditional Perfect Subjunctive:
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He would help us a lot if only he were - ,
here. .
He would have helped us a lot if only - ,
he had been here yesterday. .
3) to wish :
I wish you would be more attentive. - ,
.
I wish the rain would stop. - ,
.
4) , if it were not (had not been) for but for:
If it were not for his friend (but for his - ,
friend) he would feel very lonely in the
big city. .
If it had not been for the rain (but for - ,
the rain) he would have gone to the op .
country on Saturday.
5) :
Even if you were right, I wouldnt - ,
defend you. .
6) would (d) rather would (d) sooner:
He would sooner die than give up his - ,
habit. .
Would you do it? I d rather you did - o? -
it. , .
7.7. (Non-Finite Verb Forms/ Verbals)
7.7.1.
, .. , , , , .
(Th Infinitive), (The Participle) (The Gerund).
, - . , , . , .
Verbals :
1) ;
2) .
(, ) ().
, .. , ( , , ):
Id like you to go with us. | , . | |
Its difficult for me to speak English. | -. | |
This is the book for you to read. | , . | |
He went home, his eyes shining. | . |
7.7.2. (The Infinitive)
- , . t.
Be sure to come. - .
Im so glad to have met you. , .
, , - .
- |
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Active Voice | Passive Voice | ||
Indefinite | to swim - | to discuss | to be discussed |
Continuous | to be swimming - | to be discussing | |
Perfect | to have swum | to have discussed | to have been discussed - |
Perfect Continuous | to have been swimming - ( ) | to have been discus-sing ( ) |
3
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Indefinite Infinitive ( ), ( ), .
Im very glad to see you. - .
Im sorry to be late. - , .
I dont like to be interrupted. - , .
Continuous Infinitive , /, , :
The weather seems to be changing. - , .
It was a real pleasure to be swim - -
ming in the sea on such a hot day. .
r fec t Infinitive /, /, :
Im glad to have bought this book. - , .
It's awfully nice of you tohave -
come. .
t hope, to mean, to expect Past Indefinite s h ld, uld, ought (to), to be (to) Perfect Infinitive , (, ) :
I hoped to have come in time. - .
He could have written the -
composition much better. .
Sh was to have come yesterday. - .
Perfect Continuous Infinitive /, /, , , :
She turned out to have been - ,
cleaning the house since morning. .
(Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous) a - -. - -.
This work must be done today. -
.
Im afraid it cant be helped. - , .
, , .
I nt speak so loudly. - .
You must come back as soon as -
possible. .
, , , :
. | Ill be glad to keep you company. | company | |
you | |||
. | Im not going to wait for you. | for you |
蠠
1) , to begin, to start, to continue, to end, to stop, to finish, to want, to intend, to decide .., , , , , , :
We can actually begin the -
experiment .
y watch began to gain. - .
2) :
To prolong this discussion is to -
waste time. .