, , . , .
2-1.
() 1
I.IM
, 1,04
!.04
1.04
1.04
1,04
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, 1.00
, , - 1,04
, ; 1.04
, ' 1.04
0,94
, ().S7
( ) 1.04
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:
1. . 13, .
= 1.0.
2. ,
.
.
3. . 0.36 /
..
4. . 0,36 /
..
( (. 2-1). IX 0.98 0.90 ( ) (Tirrell , 1975. Van Soest, 1982).
. 2.
0.90. . , , , 3- .
,
, , . , , . | 2-6.
(1 (%)= +
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(, ), ( ) , 90% 10% , 100% IX .
2-3.
( 8% )
|
|
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- | 0,86 | 0,11 | ||
.- | ||||
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= (.2-2)=-1
' , . 15-2, 2% (). 5.
2-2.
,
.
, 0,75
0,86
I 0,78
0,81
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() 0,95
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, , . ,
. 0.92. 1. (. 2-3) 2.25, 1 ( 2-7 2-76).
, : | (%)=( 0.1)+[
( 0.9) 2.25] (2-7)
:
1 (%)=( ) 2.25 (2-76), . = (. 2-3).
( )
Krampton et al.(1957) Swift (1957) , 4.409 /. (. 4.2 / , 5.6 / , 9.4 4.3 : Maynard et al.,1979) . , , 4.409. , 4.409. . 0.04409* (%), .
|
|
( 2-4 - 2-4) , 2-8 _, 2-8., 2-8^ 2-8 , 2-4 - 2-4^ , . 4.4 /; = 7 0.044=0.3 /.
:
1 (/)=( /100) 4.2+/ 4.2+/) 5.6-(/100) 9.4-0.3
(2-8.,)
:
| (/)=(/100) 4.2
+/100) 5.6+(/100)
9.4-0.3. (2-8.)
:
] (/)=9.4 ( 0.9
(/100))+(4.3 0.1 (/100)) (2-8)
:
(/)=9.4
(2-8.,) |
(/100)
1967). , , . - (NRC, 1978, 1989) 4% , . , , 75% | 3",\> , , 60% ) 2.4 . , 60%) . , : = 0.18*| - 10.3 ( = 0.85). - . ( ) , . ( ) :
= [(| -[(0.18 ; - 10.3]) - )] |.
(2-9)
2-81 - 2-8| ( ), ( ), ( ) .
2-8, 2-2. 2-8t. 2-8.1 () 2-3. - , , , , , 0.3 2-8^ 2-8^.
, (Tyrrell and . 1975). . , , 4 (4). , (Wagner and Loosli,
18
, | , . (, , 2). , , 74% , , 0.91 8 .
2-9. | 57.2 . () 60% | , . , . , 60% ]. 4 . Vandehaar (1998) , , - . , 60%. , . , 3% . ] IX,
|
|
. 2.
, 3%. 1 62,67,72 77% 0.9. 1.8. 2.7 3.6% . 1.5. 1.8. 3.8 4.7%. . NRC 1989 . | , 2-9. () ( ).