, . , .. . , -:
CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO
, , , . : α K.
(α) , , , . . .
, C =0,1 /, =0,001 /, α=0,001/0,1=0,01, α=1%. , , .
: . . , , H2SO4 ., HCl ., HNO3 ., H3PO4 ., HClO3 ., HClO4 ., KOH ., : NaCl ( )., KBr ., NH4NO3 ( ). . . (. ), (, CH3COOH, HCOOH), : H2CO3 ., H2S ., HCN () ., H2SiO3 ., H2SO3 ., HNO2 ., HClO ., HCNO ., NH4OH . .
(K). , :
+ +
:
., , C,
[A+] = [B] = α C; [AB] = C(1α);
. , (α<<1), :
K =α2 C; .
, .
, . :
H2CO3 H+ + HCO3
|
|
HCO3 H+ + CO32
:
: K I = 4,3107, K II = 5,61011. K I> K II> K III>..., .. , , .