.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, , , det A ¹ 0.

:

, (1.10.1)

X , B .

(1.10.2)

:

(1.10.3)

A1: .

, , : (A -1A)∙ X = A -1B, EX = A -1B,

(1.10.4)

, , A1, A, .

 

:

:

, , .

: det A =23≠0. det A ¹0, . A 1, A: Aik (i, k = 1, 2, 3) aik A: A 11 = 23, A 12 = 14, A 13 = 11, A 21 = 23, A 22 = 1, A 23 = 9, A 31 = 0, A 32 = 5, A 33 = 1.

, A 1:

A 1 . : , x 1 = 4, x 2 = 2, x 3 = 2. : 2×(4) (2) + 5×2 = 8 + 2 + 10 = 4, 3×(4) (2) + 5×2 = 12 + 2 + 10 = 0, 5×(4) + 2×(2) + 13×2 = 20 4 + 26 = 2.

 

( ) ,

(1.11.1)

( , )

(1.11.2)

, . (1.11.1) (1.11.2) , (1.11.2) .

.

:

x1 2 3 . 1 (2) 2, 1 (3) 3 :

. 3 x2 2 3:

x3 = 1, x 2 = (56 + x 3)/11 = (56 1)/11 = 55/11 = 5, x 1 = 22 +4 x 2 3 x 3 = 22 + 4×5 3×(1) = 1.

:

2 (2), 1 3 , 2 (5), 3 3 . x2 3 , 2 (2) 3 :

. , , .. .

:

x1 2 3 . 1 (1) 2, 1 (4) 3 :

2 3 , :

. . x 3 = 13 k, k . x 2 = (16/13) x 3 = 16 k, x 1 = 3 x 2 5 x 3 = 17 k.

 

, .

(1.11.3)

(1.8.1) m ´(n +1), .

.

 

, .

1. AB 2 . AB 3 .

.

, .

2. 7/5 .

.

, . x 4 ,

,

, x 4 .

 

:

- ;

- , ,

, ;

- , .. .

 

1.12. m n .

(1.8.1), m £ n, .. . (1.8.1) .

( ).

, .

 

, . (1.8.1) (1.11.2), . , . (. 1.11) , (1.11.2) , , , . , , (1.11.2), (1.8.1) ( r).

.

, .. . , , . , .

:

, .. r = n, .

, .. r<n, (1.8.1) .

(1.8.1) . 1.1.

. 1.1.

 

 

1.13. n

, , . n .

n n ; , , .

n (), () .

n , , .. ,

n , , ..,

n l , l , .., ,.

n :

;

;

;

;

;

, .

, ;

.

, , , .

 

() , , , , .. . , , , .

x = y =

(1.16.1)

:

1. .

2. .

3. α.

4. , x , , x .

() , , ( ), .

() x :

(1.16.2)

:

1. , .

2. , λ .

3. .

4. .

φ x

(1.16.3)

, .

, . , ,

e1, e2, , en n , , .. (ei,ej) = 0 .

n .

 

1.

2. :

3. (1, 2), (2, 3), (4, 5).

4. (1, 1), (3, 3), (0, 0) ?

5. , (3, 2) (1, 3).

6. (x 1, y 1), (x 2, y 2 ), (x 3, y 3 ).

7. , (x1, y1), (x2, y2 ), ( x3, y3 )

8. , ABCD (x1, y1), (x2, y2 ), ( x3, y3 ), ( x4, y4 )

9.

10. :

11. +?

12. :

13.

 

 





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