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(2.23.1)

, Oz.

:

,

,

.

(, , ), xOy.

, Oz,

 

1. c . r0 { , b, i. r { ,,z } r1 { 1,1,z1 } .

2. . , , z 1,1,z1 .

3. .

4. , , .

5. , r1 ,r2 ,r3. .

6. -, M1, M2, M3, m1, m2, m3.

7. {3, 2, 1} {2, 3, 0}.

8. {1, 1, 1}.

9. {4,3, 4} {2,2,l}.

10. , = b () (b) . 12 , . 13. : a = i + j 4 k, b = i 2 j +2 k?

11. b, a +3 b 7 5 b, 4 b 7 2 b

12. .

13. , a ´ c = b ´ c, /=0; , a = b?

14. sin ( b).

15. , = i 3 j + k, b = 2 i j + 3 k.

16. ,

A (3, 4, 1), (2, 0, 3), (3, 5, 4).

17. A,

{ 1, 1, Z1 } { 2, 2, Z2 }.

18. 20 .

19. ij (i+j + k).

20. , abc = ab (c+la+mb).

21. , {3, 4, 5}, {1, 2, 2}, {9, 14, 16} .

22. , A (1, 0, 1), (, 4, 6), (2, 2, 3) D (10, 14, 17) .

23. : (0, 0, 0), B (3,4, 1),

(2, 3, 5). D (6, 0, 3). .

24. 26 , A. 28. {3, 0, 1}, b {2, 4, 3}, {1, 3, 2}, d {2, 0, 1}. ( x b) x ( x ) (b x d).

25. , (3, 0, 1) {2, 4, 3},

(1, 3, 2) D {2, 0,1}.

26. A (3, 4, 2) , B (1, 2, 3) {6, 6, 7}

27. , , 5. : ) 45; ) 60; ) 135:) 180.

28. , 30 , 3.

29. , x : ) 45; ) 135; ) 180.

30. : ) 1=0; ) 4 2 +3 = 0; ) 3 + 2 5=0; )2 + 5 y = 0; )3 y 7 = 0.

31. , , 3 4.

32. ) 3 + 2 y 6 = 0; ) = 6 3; ) = 1; ) 2 3 y +7 = 0 .

33. y 5 = 0 .

34. , 3 5 y +5 = 0, 5 + 3 y = 0, 2 + 3 = 0, 3 7 = 0. 9

35. ,

, , ,

36. , 8 6 , . .

37. , 2 +5 20 = 0.

38. , 2 = 0, 3 2 + 4 = 0,

2 7 = 0.

39. b, x/a + y/b = 1 : ) 45; ) 60; ) 135?

40. , c : ) 2 = 0; ) 1 = 0; ) +1 =0; ) = 0; ) + = 0; ) 5 x = 0; ) 3 = 0; ) 3 + 2 6 = 0. .

41. , (2, 3) 45.

42. , (2, 3) , (1, 2) (1, 5).

43. , (1, 2) , (4, 3) (2, 1). ^1/18. ABCD: (2, 2), (5, 1), (3, 6), D (0,_3). .

44. :

a) ; ) ; ) ;

) ; ) ;

) ; ) ;

) ; )

45. : 3 2 + 7 = 0, 2 + 3 5 = 0.

46. (3, 3) , 45 5 x 4 1 = 0.

47. , 3 = 0, 4 = 0, 4 + 2 y + 3 = 0.

48. A (2, 1), (3, 1), (1,2).

49. (2, 2), (3, 0) D (3, 1). . 25. , ) = 2 + 3; ) = x /3 1; ) 45 = 3 + 5.

50. , (2, 3) ) ; ) I ; ) = 4 7; ) 60 = 2 1; ) y = /2 + 8.

51. = 5 +1, .

52. 3 = 0, 2 + 3 11=0 , 5 4 y 17 = 0.

53. 3 3 = 0, 4 + 3 y 4 = 0 , .

54. , 11 7 9 = 0, 12 + 13 y 5 = 0 .

55. + 6 = 0, 2 3 = 0 45 3 5 = 0.

56. , (2, 3) , , y = x /2 + 3.

57. 2 5 = 0 2 3 8 = 0 , 3 2 y + 2 = 0.

58. 2 3 y + 5 = 0 4 y + 5 = 0 45 2 3 = 0 ( 2 3 = 0).

59. + 3 2 = 0, 2 x + y + 5 = 0, 3 x 4 = 0. .

60. (0, 5), (1, 2), (6, 5). , , .

61. (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1). .

62. (2, 1), (0, 7), (4, 1). .

63. , , = 4 +4, = +4, 4 = +1.

64. , , 4 = 0, 2 11 y + 37 = 0, 2 + 7 17 = 0.

65. 4 +3 12 = 0 , (1, 2) (1, 4).

66. 3 +2 5 = 0 , (1, 1) (3, 3).

67. , (2, 3), (4, 2), (1, 0). 44. : + 1=0, 3 x + 4 = 0 (3, 3). .

68. ABC: A (2, 1) (2, 5). .

69. : ) 4 7 + 9 = 0; ) 3 / 4 2 y /5 3 = 0; b)4 x /5 3 y /5 1=0; ) x/ 3 + y 5 = 0; ) 5 x /13 12 y /13 + 5 = 0. ?

70. : 7 , , 120.

71. , , 5 , , 60.

72. : ) 3 x + 4 y + 15 = 0; ) 6 x 8 9 = 0; ) 2 + 2 7 = 0; ) + y + 5 = 0.

73. ,

15 8 y 51=0 4 x +3 y + 35 = 0. .

74. (5, 3), , (0,1) (3, 3). .

75. + 3 y = 0 , + 3 2 = 0.

76. 3 4 10 = 0. , 3 .

77. 5 + 12 + 2 = 0. , 3 .

78. 3 x +4 y 15 = 0 3 x + 4 y + 20 = 0.

79. 5 12y + 28 = 0 5x 12y+15 = 0.

80. : 2 + 5 = 0, 4 + 2 7 = 0. .

81. , (5, 2) 4 (3, 1).

82. (1, 2) 2 /5, (3, 6).

83. , 3 + 4 y 9 = 0 12 x + 9 y 8=0. , .

84. , + 8 26 = 0 4 + 7 y + 29 = 0.

85. (0, 0), (3, 0), (0, 7).

86. , (4, 3) N (2, 1) 4 x + 3 y 2 = 0 , 2.

87. , , : ) (2,3) 3 ; ) (2, 3) (5, 1); ) (3, 9) (7, 3).

88. , (9, 3), ( 3, 3), (11, 1).

89. 2 + + 2 + Dx + + F = 0, 5 (3, 2)?

90. , : ) 2 + y2 4 x + 2 y + 1 = 0; ) 2 2 + 2 2 + 5 3 2 = 0; ) 2 + 2 6 7 = 0;

) 2 + y2 +3 y = 0.

91. , .

92. , (6, 0).

93. , (0, 8).

94. , (5, 0) , 3 .

95. , (4, 7) 4 + 1 =0.

96. ( a)2 + ( b)2= r 2 ( 0, y0).

97. 2+ 2 = r 2 .

98. (x + 1)2 + (y 3)2 = 25 (3, 6).

99. 2 + y 2 = 10. (5, 5).

100. x 2 + y 2 = 5, (7, 1).

101. ) x 2 + y 2 = 13, 4 +6 5 = 0. ) 2 + y 2 + 5 x = 0. 4 3 + 7 = 0.

102. (d) , M (7, 8) ( 2)2 + ( 3)2 = 14.

103. ) (6, 0) (2, 0). , , ) ON x 2 + 2 = 2 , , N NM =0 N. .

104. , , : ) 5 4;) 8 10; ) 2 6; ) 10 0,6; ) 6 0,8; ) 0,8 8; ) 10 4 . 19. , , : ) 16 2+ 25 y 2 = 400, ) 9 + 36.

105. , : ), , ; ) ; ) ; ) , 5:3. 21 . . ?

106. , (5, 0). , , 0, 6.

107. (8,0) (0,5). , , .

108. (0, 5) (5, 0) (11, 0). , , .

109. , x 2/9 + y 2/4 = 1 (1, 1), (3, 1) (0, 2)?

110. x 2/36 + y 2/12 = 1 (3,3).

111. , 2 5 30 = 0 x 2/75 + y 2/24 = 1. .

112. , (4, 1) x 2/6 + y 2/3 = 1

113. x 2/9 + y 2/2 = 1 (3, 1).

114. x 2/5 + y 2/4 = 1, 6x 2 5 = 0.

115. x 2/6 + y 2/3 = 1, + 5 = 0.

116. x 2/96 + y 2/32 = 1

117. , 2 x = 10.

118. , 2 10.

119. , .

120. 36. , , 9 15.

121. 8, 12,5. .

122. x 2/6 + y 2/5 = 1. (1, 1) , .

123. x 2/8 + y 2/5 = 1. (2, 1) , .

124. , , : ) 5 4 ; ) 14, 12; ) 5 1,4; ) 16 3/4; ) ; ) (2 , 3) (7,6 ).

125. , , :) 25 2 144 y 2 = 3600, ) 16 y 2 9 x 2 = 144.

126. ) ; ) . ?

127. x 2/15 y 2/6 = 1. , 2 .

128. x 2/16 y 2/9 = 1 , 8 . .

129. x 2/8 + y 2/5 = 1. , , .

130. x 2/10 y 2/6 = 1 3 5 y = 0.

131. x 2/9 y 2/8 = 1, (2, 1).

132. . x 2/4 y 2/5 = 1, 3 2 = 0

133. , x 2/ a 2 y 2/ b 2 = 1 b 2.

134. , . .

135. 1) x 2/ a 2 y 2/ b 2 = 1 . 2) , .

136. e . .

137. 3 = 0 (5, 2). .

138. x 2/2 y 2/7 = 1, +2 3 = 0.

139. , , 6, 10.

140. , , . .

141. x 2/6 y 2/4 = 1 45o.

142. x 2 y 2/4 = 1, 2 .

143. x 2/9 y 2/25 = 1. .

144. , , : ) = b = 2; ) y = x /2^ z 10; ) y = 3 x /5 (10, 3 ).

145. ( 1,0) (2, 0). , . .

146. . , , . .

147. = ( 0, 0).

148. , , : ) , ' 4 ; ) , (2, 4) ; ) , ( 2, 4) ; ) , (0, 3) ; ) , (4, 2) ; ) , ( 4, 2) ; ) (3,0), ; ) (0, 3), .

149. , , (a, b), : ) ; ) ; ) ; ) .

150. , , , , 4 2 9 2 36 = 0 .

151. , , ( 2, 1), , 3 2 + 4 y 248 = 0.

152. , 2 = 2 .

153. y 2 = 6 x. (4, 1) , .

154. 2 = 8 . ( 1, 1) , .

155. (y 2 = 8 x, , 45.

156. 2= 10 . , = 4 5.

157. (y 2=12 , 30.

158. 2 = 4 , (3,4).

159. 2=16 , : ) 2 + 5 = 0; ) 7 = 0.

160. , .

161. :

a) )

) )

) )

)

 

162. D 3 + 2 z 6 = 0, + 4 z + D = 0 z?

163. D 2 y + z 9 = 0, 3 x + By + z + D =0 ?

164. Ax + By + Cz + D =0, A 1 x + B 1 y + C 1 z + D 1 = 0, : ) ; ) ; ) ; ) Oz?

165. , A (5, 2, 3) (8, 3, 1) 5 3 31=0, 3 + 4 y + 7 z + 14 = 0.

166. , , : ) , ) , , .

167. 2 3 y + 4 z 12 = 0, + 4 2 z 10 = 0. , ; .

168. 3 x +2 y 4 z 5 = 0 6 y 2 z + 4 = 0. . 9*. + z 1=0, + z +1=0 + y + z = 0.

169. 2 x + 3 y 4 z + 5 = 0, x 6 y + 3 z 7 = 0 2 + 2 + z 15 = 0.

170. :

) )

171.

) ) )

.

172. :

 

173. + 2 z 2 = 0, + 3 z 7 = 0.

174. + z = 0, +2 = 0.

175.

176. (2, 3, 8) , : ) z; ) (x 2)/3 = (y 4)/(2) = (z +3)/5.

177. , (3, 2, 1) (5, 4, 5).

178. , (, b, ).

179. ,

 

)

)

)

.

180. , ( 3, 5, 9) :

181. , (1, 2, 3), z x y = z.

182. ,

.

183. (7, 3, 5) , 1/3, 2/3, 2/3. , , (2, 3,1) 60.

184. , (, b, )

185. , (, b, ),

186. ,

.

187.

2 + 3 + 3 z 8= 0.

3 4 y + 7 z 33 = 0.

188. 3 2 = 24, 3 z = 4 6 + 15 10 z + 31 = 0.

189. , (1, 2, 3) : ) 5 8 z + 21=0; ) 3 + 11 = 0; ) z = 8.

190. (3, 2, 1) ,

191. (1, 2, 3) + z = 1, 2 + z = 3.

192. + z =1, 2 + z = 3 = = = z 1. 35. ,

3 x 4 + 7 z 33 = 0?

193. , (1, 2, 3)

194. , (2, 3, 1)

195. , + =0, + z 2 = 0 = = z.

196.

,

197. ,

198. (1, 0, 4) , 3 4 y + z 10 = 0, ,

199. , = = z.

200. , (a, b, ) (m 1, n 1, p 1), (m 2, n 2, p 2).

201. , (, b, )

202. , Ax + By + Cz + D = 0, A 1 x + B 1 y + C 1 z + D 1 =0

203.

,

204. ,

205. (, b, ) ,

Ax + By + Cz + D =0,

206. ,

207. , (, b, )

208. 2= 2+ z 2?

209.

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 Dxz + 2 z + Fz 2 = 0?

210. 2 + y 2 + 4 z 2 1 = 0?

211. 2 + 2 z 2 1=0?

212. 2 2 z 24 = 0?

213. z = 2+ 2?

 

3.

. , , .

, .

, , , , 100 . . .. .

, , , .

, . x X . x X, .

X Y . .

1. , , .

2. Y Y, , X Y ( ).

3. X Y, , , X Y ( ).

, Æ. , , .

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, , X Y , X, Y. X È Y.

, X S , Y . X È Y S.

X Y ( ) , X, Y. X Ç Y.

X Y , Æ.

X Y Z, X, Y; Z = X \ Y.

. x X , " ( ) Any (). , x X , $ ( ) Existence .

. , .

, , , .

, , .

R , Q , l - , Z , N .

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, p q .

, .

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, 1/9 0,1111111, .

 





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