, . , , - ( , , . .) . , , , . . : movement, strangeness, activity. . : . .
1.2.2. . . , , , ( ) , . , , . , , , .
, , : .
: -er, -ist, -ess, - singer, naturalist, authoress, legatee. : -ness, -ion, (-ation, -ition), -ity, -ism, -ance, -ment lateness, rotation, ignition, security, socialism, elegance, movement.
: . (., 1975).
1.2.3. . . , : river , dog , pleasure . , , ;
, , , . , John , , , , . .; Spot , , . .; the Cutty Sark ( ), , , . , ; , .
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, . , .
. . . .
:
1.2.4. . . , : boy girl, cock hen, bull cow; waiter waitress, lion lioness; he-goat she-goat. To : -, -, -; . Löwe Löwin, Lehrer Lehrerin.
. , Modern English Structure, , , , : he, she, it. , , . .
1.2.5. . . . , . e. , (1.0.1.) -s, /z/, /s/, /iz/
(dogs /z/, potatoes /z/; books, cats /s/; classes, bushes /iz/). ; , , , .
, , , . , . e. , (1.0.1). , , (1.0.1) .
, ; , . , : ) -, oxen, children; ) , , : -i (nucleus nuclei); -a (stratum strata); -ae (antenna antennae). , , , , , - : termini terminuses; antennae antennas. , - () s/z, ; , , . , , . , (1.0.1). , . , , , .
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, , , : /u:/ /i:/ tooth teeth, foot feet; /au/ /ai/ mouse mice, louse lice; /u/ /i/ woman women; /ae/ /e/ man men. /ai/ /i/ child children, . , , .
, : sheep, deer, swine. , The sheep fell into the ditch sheep , .