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, . put on, take hold, (), . , , . , : (he) puts on, took hold. : put it on, take firm hold.
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: , . . ; , . . . : (. -r writer -r longer). . (1.6.21.5).
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, . . , , , - (black, blackish, blacken). black-.
, , . , , , fresh, refreshment, freshen, speaker, actor (//), great-ly, quick-ly, nice-ly. : , , physic physician /'fizik fi'ziSn/, come came; quiet-ude, serv-itude, dream-ed /d/, walk-ed /t/, load-ed /id/.
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, , , , , , . , - , , ; - , , , . - , . . () 1: , street street street; walk , walked, walking, walk. ; , , man men, child children, . ,
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1 , , (, ; hand, hands). , , (, . . ), . . , . . .
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1.0.2. . , . . , , . . , - (, , ) , , ; - (, , ) , , . . , -s rooms , -ed ( ), -ing . : -s ( , . , 1.6.8); , , -ed, -ing. ; ; - ox-en, childr-en.
, , , , , , , , . , His daughter Mary's arrival -'s ; , ; , *His daughter's Mary's arrival . (1.2.6).
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. ( ) keep kept, ride rode ridden, men's. children's, - 's. , , , , . , -'s (1.2.6) (1.2.6). , (buildings), , - , . , , . , . , .
1.0.3. . . , , , , .
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() () . (, ) , . , , , . , : The oak is a tree. The mouse is a rodent. , ( ): Oaks are trees. Mice are rodents. , , ( , . .) , (1.2.5.1, 1.6.20.2), , , . , , .
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1.0.4. . . , .
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, , . , . . , -s , , : tables, boys; : Tisch-e, Knabe-n; -, -: , .
, , : , , . . , . , , , ; . (, ): . . . .; . der Brief . .; . la lettre . .; . . .; . das Haus . .; . la maison . .
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, - , : . , , , ( ), (gold, silver, oxygen, gratitude). , , , , . , , , (was jumping, was shooting, was winking).
, . , gold, silver, hydrogen,
gratitude, , . , , , , . ( , ); , . , , , . , , . ., , . , . ; - . .
, , , . e. . , . , , - .
1.0.5. . , , . :
1) , . e. ; , . e. , : street-s, approach-ed; , : foot feet; find found. , , , , . e. : aunt and uncle's arrival. e. : uncle's arrival. , , (1.2.6).
2) ; , , , : to be am was; good letter the best.
3) . , .
, : is coming, has been asked, is being built.
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1) , ; ( ), , . , , , . , has given , had, been, sent.
2) , . , , . : .
3) ; . , was driving the car the car ; had often remembered often , .
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: , , ( ). (primary), . e. , ; (secondary), . e. , (tertiary), . e. . , a furiously barking dog dog , barking, , , furiously . ; , , . , (2.2.6). , . , , , , , . , , , () , ; , , , . , , . . (Ch. Fries. The Structure of English). , . ,
, , . , 1 , concert The concert was good tax The clerk remembered the tax; 2 is/was, remembered ; 3 good The (good)concert was good, 4 there
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The is/was there
, . , , , 1 , . , concert , 1; , 1 , 2, . e. ; , man, he, the others, another 1, came.
, 15 . , ". function words, , , , , , (1.1115).
, , the, . e. , . , : the, no, your, their, both, few, much, John's, our, four, twenty...
, 1, ; , the. ; , , ( , , N not, there there is, please ). , , , , , : , 2 ( ); , .
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. , ; , , , , , . , . : , , , . , , , , . , , , . , beautiful , *beautifuller, *beautifullest. , , , , . , beautiful, , fine, ; , adjectivals, (adjectives). pronominals , pronouns. , , (constituent) . ; , , , , .
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. . . : nominals, verbals, adjectivals, adverbials; : , , , , . ,
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1.1.2. . , , , . . . . (., 1974)1. . , ; , , . , , . , , , . , , , .
1.1.3. . : .
1 . , . . - (E. . E. . , . . , . . ), , , - ,
, , .. : table, dog, joy, strength; to bring, to cry, to enumerate; big, difficult; soon, well. , . , , . e. , . , . : . ; .
, . e. . , , of, and, since, the, (. , relation, meaning . ., ). , , : the colour of the sky, dogs and cats, the dog, a dog.
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. , . . , , , have I have a new television set. , : I have lost my gloves. , .