IV.
27.
: (MEDICINE (HISTORY))
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| preventing - treating - to protect- skeletons- to treat wounds- broken bones- - superstition- | ancestors- physicians- , surgeons- psychiatrists- sensible- observers- prayers- sacrifices- disease- |
Medicine is the science or art of preventing and treating diseases. It was natural for man to develop the practice of medicine because it is natural for man to protect himself. Skeletons of men who lived before the time of written history seem to show that men tried to treat wounds and broken bones.
What they thought about the disease and its treatment is not certain. If they were like the primitive peoples today, they probably thought that disease was the result of witchcraft. It was something they did not understand, and therefore it frightened them. The main treatment for it was magic and superstition. These magicians and witch doctors were the ancestors of modern physicians, surgeons and psychiatrists.
The ancient Egyptians system of medicine made disease and its treatment more sensible. They were good observers and recorded what they saw. Medical schools were established and surgery, particularly eye surgery, was advanced. However, disease and its treatment were part of the ancient Egyptian religion. Prayers, charms and sacrifices to the gods were part of the treatment. The doctor was a doctor priest.
I. . .
1. What is the medicine?
2. What did ancient people think about disease?
3. What was the main treatment for them?
4. Whose system made disease and its treatment more sensible?
5. Why was the doctor - a doctor priest?
II.
1. Ancient people thought that disease was the result of
2. The main treatment for it was and .
3. They were good observers and what they saw.
4. Scientist tried to prevent bacteria from entering a wound by instruments.
5. Medical schools were and surgery, particularly eye surgery, was advanced.
III. :
, , , , , , , -, .
IV. .
1. Showed, to treat wounds, that men, broken bones, tried, skeletons of men, and.
2. Was, the result of witchcraft, they, disease, probably thought, that.
3. The science or art of, preventing and treating, diseases, medicine, is.
IV. .
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: (Ancient Egyptian medicine)
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| varied notable health system to possess clinical diagnostics - Papyrus surgery treatment sick leave | prognosis ailment to treat complaints conception - , survive fragmentarily - benefits medical insurance . |
During three thousand years of history, Ancient Egypt developed a large and varied medical tradition. Herodotus described the Egyptians as the healthiest of all men due to the dry climate and the notable public health system that they possessed. Egyptian medicine developed a practical use in the fields of anatomy, public health, and clinical diagnostics.
Medical information in the Edwin Smith Papyrus may date to a time as early as 3000 BC. The earliest known surgery in Egypt was performed in Egypt around 2750 BC. Imhotep in the 3rd dynasty is sometimes referred as the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine. The Edwin Smith papyrus is an ancient textbook on surgery. It describes in detail the examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of numerous ailments.
The Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus treats womens complaints, including problems with conception. Thirty four cases detailing diagnosis and treatment survive, some of them fragmentarily. Dating to 1800 BC, it is the oldest surviving medical text of any kind.
Medical institutions, referred to as Houses of Life are known to have been established in ancient Egypt as early as the 1st Dynasty. By the time of the 19th Dynasty some workers enjoyed such benefits as medical insurance, pensions and sick leave.
I. . .
1. Why did Herodotus describe the Egyptians as the healthiest of all men ?
2. What were the fields of practical use of Egyptian medicine?
3. What was an ancient textbook on surgery? What did it describe?
4. When were the first medical institutions established in Egypt?
II. :
Medical tradition, public health system, a practical use, clinical diagnostics, numerous ailments, womens complaints, problems with conception, enjoyed such benefits, medical insurance, sick leave.
