- , . , sp3- . : .
, . . , HX (.. ) . :
, , :
RH + -NO2 --- RNO2H + H2O
RH + -SO3H --- RSO3H + H2O
RH + SO2Cl2 --- RSO2-Cl + HCl
RH + 2S2 + 2 + H2O --- RSO3H + H2SO4
, , , , ; . (IV) :
CH4 + 2O2 --- CO2 + 2H2O
, , . , . , .
- , . ( ) , . ,
1) . -,- .
() + H2 120ºC,Ni--- CH3CH2CH3()
() + H2 300ºC,Pd---- CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3()
2) .
+ Br2 BrCH2CH2CH2Br(1,3- )
- + Cl2--- () + HCl
() | + HBr ---- CH3CH2 | CH¾CH3(2-) I Br |
3) . .
4) . .
300ºC,Pd--- | () | + 3H2 |
5) . , .
|
|
O II [O] C I HO | CH2CH2CH2CH2 | O II C ( ) I OH |
SR , , .
(2,3) . , , , [1].
2. (4,5) . , .
3. (6,7) .
, .