.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


. (internal Validity)




 


(internal validity)

(internal validity)

(time series design)

(matching)

(test units)

(dependent variables)

(instrumentation)

(interactive testing effect).

(confounding variables)

(history)

(debriefing)

(posttest-only control group design)

(controlled test market)

(design control)

, (laboratory environment)

(demand artifacts)

(true experimental designs)

(preexperimental designs)

(quasi-experimental designs)

(simulated test market)

(Latin square design)

(multiple time series design)

(randomized block design)

, (independent variables)

(one-shot case study)

(main testing effect)

, (selection bias)

(experimental design)

(one-group pretest-posttest design)

(pretest-posttest control group design)

-, , (causality)

(test marketing)

, (test market)

(field environment) (randomization)

(concomitant variation)

(standard test market)

(statistical regression)

(statistical design)

(statistical control)

(static group)

(mortality)

(maturation)

(factorial design)

(experiment)

(testing effects)


 

 

 

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2. ?

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15. .

 

1. . 250 , , . , . .

a) .

b) ?

c) ?

2. , , ?

3. 500 .

40 30 40

35 70 60

25 50 150

a) ?

b) .

4. , . , .

a) . , , .

b) Procter & Gamble , Tide , . 12- . 12- Tide , . .

5. , :

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