I cant understand why youre late. ,
.
It s five o clock, so we d better - 5 ,
hurry. .
6.3.8.
, . never - ; nowhere - ; seldom, rarely - ; hardly, scarcely, barely - . :
The book was never found. - .
It was nowhere to find. - .
I hardly/ barely/ scarcely know him. - .
We seldom/ rarely see her. - ( ) .
, not.
some, , not - ny. :
| I havent any spare time. . | I never have any spare time. - . |
| She doesnt eat anything. . | She hardly eats anything. - . |
, , . :
| You dont panic, do you? ? | You never panic, do you? ? |
| You often panic, dont you? , ? | You hardly ever panic, do you? , ? |
6.4.
, :
The Browns are extremely ghastly - pe
people. .
John speaks Russian and English - - -
equally well. .
(very - .):
She speaks English very well. - - .
She is a very good student. - O .
enough - :
He speaks English well enough. -
-.
he night was dark enough. - .
, nough :
We haven t enough time (time - ,
enough) to catch the train now. .
: always, ever, never, usually, often, seldom, rarely hardly, nearly, just, already ., , :
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h y often read English books. - .
Do they often read English books? - ?
They don t often read English books. -
.
( t once, very often .) :
I have very often wondered why - ,
people read advertisements. .
:
His marks are always good. - .
In the morning he is usually in the -
office. .
sometimes , :
sometimes comes here.
Sometimes he comes here. - .
He comes here sometimes.
yet - , :
I have not yet finished my work. - .
I have not finished my work yet.
today, yesterday, tomorrow . - :
Yesterday I was very busy. - .
I was very busy yesterday.
(well .) , , , . . :
son studies well. - .
Studies - -; well - oaa .
He knows English well. - xop .
Knows - -; English - ; well - .
The girl looked timidly at her -
friend. .
Looked - -; timidly - ; at her friend - .
he waves broke noisily against -
the rocks. .
Broke - -; noisily - ; against the rocks - .
, :
The driver quickly stopped the car. -
The driver stopped the car quickly. .
, , / . , :
A rainbow is often observed in -
nature. .
This formula has already been -
mentioned above. .
You could never understand me. - .
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too, either, as well :
John wants a bath too. - .
I dont like him either. - .
We'd better get some butter as well. -
.
. : (?) (?), (?) . :
| I went | there | at once. . | ||
| Come | here | at night. . | ||
| I worked | hard | yesterday. . | ||
| She sang | almost | perfectly | yesterday. . | |
| Someone sang - | absolutely | perfectly | somewhere in the dark - | last night. . |
me - , go - , arrive - () :
| She went | home | quickly. |
| . |
6.5. (Modal Words)
. , , , , . , . : p rhaps - , ; f course, surely, certainly - , ; no doubt - ; in fact - ; in truth - , ., - ly, : possibly - ; robably - ; undoubtedly - , ; naturally - , ; evidently - ; happily - ..
, 1. . .:
| , , ; . | - . |
| The second day was exactly like the first. . Exactly - , .. . | Certainly, you cannot interfere. - , . Certainly - , .. - , , . |
( f urs, no doubt, perhaps, ..) -:
- He taught you to speak, didn t he? - , ?
-No doubt. - .
, , :
Frankly, I think hes ly - , , .
Actually, youre mistaken. - , .
The plane will evidently be - , ,
late due to bad weather. - .
|
|
|
Did you enjoy your holiday? - e ?
Very much, actually. - - , .
. :
What d you think of my hair, - o ,
dear? ?
Frankly, dear, its a disaster. - , , .
Honestly, John, why do you - , ,
always have to be so rude? ?
( VRB)
7.1.
, (to go - ; to build ), (to sleep - ; to rest ), (to hear - ; to love - ), (to think - ; to understand ). , , , , , . :
Miss Johnson learns Russian. - ,
to l rn , , , , 3- , .
, ( finite ) .
( non-finite) (the Infinitive), (the Gerund) (the Participle). , , , , . . , , , . a:
| To speak to him was a waste of time. | - . | ||
| Visiting her is always a pleasure. | . | ||
| . | Johns wish was to sell the house. | . | |
| Id like to know you better. | . | ||
| Irene likes reading. | . | ||
| He isnt the man to do it. | , - . | ||
| She looked at the laughing company. | . | ||
| - | He came up to the pic-ture to have a better look. | , - . |
, , . , - .
: I - ; II - ; III - II (). II ( ).
( I) :
, : to read - ; t work - a; to run - ..;
, : to idealise - ; to magnify - ; to strengthen - ; to foresee - ; to surpass - ..;
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, , : to whitewash - ; to sightsee - ; to fulfill - ..;
, - (), : to get up- ; to go away - ; to put (the meeting) off - .. . / : to go in - ; to go out - ; to go by - o .. , : to take , t take in - ; to carry - , t carry out - , .
, , , : take care - ; take notice - ; take part - .. to have - , : to have a smoke yp; to have a look - ; to have a wash - .., o, , .
II III ( ) .
( Regular Verbs) - , II III - ed (I t ). :
1) - , - -i: to r ry - carr ied carr ied;
2) - , - d - : to translat e translat ed - translat ed; to fre e fre ed fre ed;
) :
) , : to st p sto pp ed - sto pp ed;
) , : t adm it admi tt ed - admi tt ed; to pref er prefe rr ed - prefe rr ed;
) l : to trave l trave ll ed - trave ll ed.
- d :
[t] , - t: t work - worked [w:kt]; t jump - jumped [d3Lmpt];
[d] , - t, : t stay stayed [steid]; to train trained [treind];
[id] - t d: - t want - wanted [`wכntid]; to end ended [`endid].
III . , .
( The Irregular Verbs) II . II III :
| Infinitive | Past Tense | Participle II | ||
| 1. | to begin to meet to sing | began met sang | begun met sung | |
| 2. + d/ - t | to bring to hear to think to have | brought heard thought had | brought heard thought had | |
| 3. n III | to give to see to eat | gave saw ate | given seen eaten | |
| 4. | to put to cut to cost | put cut cost | put cut cost | |
| 5. | to be to go | was, were went | been gone | |
| 6. | to do | did | done |
.
7.1.1. (The Person) (The Number)
: . :
|
|
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1. 3- s/ - s, to have to be. . t have has 3- ;
2. t be 1- 3- to be : I am; he/ she/ it is; we/ you/ they are. , to be was 1- 3- were ;
3. , to be to have. , , . :
| I wrote a letter. | . | 1 | . |
| He wrote a letter. | . | 3 | . |
| They wrote a letter. | . | 3 | . |
(, , Notional Verbs, - Link-Verbs, Auxiliary Verbs Modal Verbs. / - Structural Verbs.
:
He does his homework regularly. -
.
We live in Russia. - .
. , , , , . :
My mother is cooking dinner. .
I have written a letter to Joe. - .
Do you know him? - ?
Sorry, but I dont know him. - , .
The matter was soon forgotten. .
You ll have my answer tomorrow. - .
.
, , . , , . , , to be. to become, t get, to grow, to turn, to seem, to look . :
is an engineer. - .
Betty has grown a pretty girl. -
.
It was getting lighter every -
minute. .
he town looked deserted. - .
It grewcold towards evening. - .
can, may, must, ought t, need, dare, shall, should, will, would, . ( , to). , , , , . :
