: . , , .
1. ) , , \ , \ , = (3; 6), = [5; 7); ) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , ); ) , , , : ( )\ Ì (A \ B) C. .
. ) (. . 1):
-3 5 6 7
. 1
, [5, 6), = (3; 6) [5; 7) = [5; 6). , (3; 7), = (3; 6) [5; 7) = (3; 7). , (3, 5), , \ = (3; 6) \ [5; 7) = (3; 5). , [6, 7), \ = [5; 7) \ (3; 6) = [6; 7).
) ´ (. . 2), ´ (. . 3), 2 (. . 4), 2 (. . 5).
y
x x
. 2 . 3
y y
x x
. 4 . 5
) . x Î ( ) \ , , Î x Ï . x Î , , Î Î . Î , Ï , , Î \ , , Î ( \ ) .
Î , , , x Î ( \ ) . , , C \ ( \ ) , , ( ) \ Ì( \ ) . (. . 6).
Ѡ
( ) \ ( \ )
. 6
2. = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } (. . 7) Y = {4, 5, 6, 8, 16}, , , Î , Î Y.
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) D (P) E (P) ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) 2 8 .
1 2
3 4
5 6
. 7
. ) D () = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, E (P) = {8, 16, 5, 4}. ( ), Y ( ).
) Y (. . 8).
X Y
1 4
2 5
3 6
4 8
5 16
6
. 8
) -1 . 9.
X Y
1 4
2 5
3 6
4 8
5 16
6
. 9
) 2 16 Y: ( 2) = 16. 8 1 : -1(8) = { 1}.
) . 10.
X Y
1 4
2 5
3 6
4 8
5 16
6
. 10
3.
= {2, 1, 1, 2, 4}.
) ;
) ;
) -1.
. ) , . , 1 1, .. 1 = (1)2, , 1, , 1. 1 1, , 1, , (). . (. . 11).
, , , , : {(1; 1), (1; 1), (4; 2), (4; 2)}, , (. . 12).
) , = 2. , Î , Î .
-2 -1 4 1 2 . 11 | . 12 |
) , , : . , , {(2; 2), (2; 1), (2; 1), (2; 2), (2; 4), (1; 2), (1; 1), (1; 1), (1; 2), (1; 4), (1; 2), (1; 2), (1; 4), (2; 2), (2; 1), (2; 2), (2; 4), (2; 1), (4; 1), (4; 1), (4; 4)}. . 13.
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-1, , : , , , -1: {(1; 1), (1; 1), (2; 4), (2; 4)}. . 14.
. 13 . 14
4. : . .
. , . , : , . , , , , , z, , z, z. ( ).
5. = {3, 4, 8, 5} = {(3; 3), (3; 4), (4; 3), (4; 4), (5; 5), (4; 5), (5; 4), (8; 8), (3; 5), (5; 3)}. : ) ; ) ?
. ) , , , . . : , . , (3; 3), (4; 4), (5; 5), (8; 8).
, . , (3; 4) (4; 3), (4; 5) (5; 4), (3; 5) (5; 3). , .
, , , z, , z z. , 3 4 4 5 3 5 ( : (3; 4), (4; 5), (3; 5). , (5; 4) (4; 3) (5; 3).
, , , P .
) , , , , . , .
, , .
6. 10 4 . 3 ?
. 3 ( , 3- ), .. 10- .
3 , , .
3 , 2 1 . 2 . . , 2 1 .
3 , 1 2 .
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, , :
+ + + = = 120 + 180 + 60 + 4 = 364.
1
1. ) , , \ , \ , = (3, 3], = (1, 5).
) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , ).
) , \ \ ( ) -. .
2. = { , , , , , } Y ={, , , } : , ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) (), -1().
3. : 3 ={1, 2, 3, 6, 18}.
) ;
) ;
) -1.
4. . .
5. = {2, 4, 6, 8} = {(2, 2), (4, 4), (6, 6), (8,8), (6, 4), (4, 2), (6, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (4, 6)}. , : ) ? ) ?
6. 30 . , 1- 2- : ) ; ) ?
2
1. ) , , \ , \ , = [2, 6), = (-¥, 3).
) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , ).
) , ( \ ) \ ( \ ) \ -. , , .
2. ={2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} Y ={1, 0, 1, 2} : ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) (2), (0), - 1(2).
3. S: 2 = {1,2,3,4,6}.
) S;
) S ;
) S -1.
4. 2 . .
5. = {6, 7, 8, 9} = {(6, 6), (6, 7), (7, 6), (6, 8), (7, 7), (7, 8), (8,8), (8,6), (8, 7), (9, 9)}. , : ) ? ) ?
6. {0, 1, 3, 5, 7}, ?
3
1. ) , , \ , \ , = (0, 8), = (4, 3).
) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , ).
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) , \( ) ( \ ) ( \ ) -. , , .
2. = { + 2 = 3, 4 6 = 2, ( 1) ( 2) = 0, 3( 1) = 3 + 2} Y = {1, 0, 1, 2} : , ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) ( + 2 = 3), -1(2).
3. : = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}.
) ;
) ;
) -1.
4. , . .
5. = {2, 4, 6, 8} ={(2, 2), (4, 4), (6, 6), (8, 8), (2, 4), (4, 8), (2,6), (4, 6), (6, 8)}. , : ) ? ) ?
6. 25 . . ?
4
1. ) , , \ , \ , = (3, 8), = (4, 5].
) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , ).
) , ( \ ) ( \ ) ( \ ) ( \ ) -. , .
2. = {2, 2, 1, 1, 0} Y ={1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} : , ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) (2), - 1(1).
3. : 1 = {2, 3, 4, 6, 7}.
) ;
) ;
) -1.
4. . .
5. = {3, 2, 5, 6} ={(2, 3), (3, 6), (2, 6), (5,2), (5, 6), (5, 3)}. , : ) ? ) ?
6. 2310 , ?
5
1. ) , , \ , \ , = (1, 2], = [3, 1).
) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , ).
) , ( \ ) ( \ ) ( ) \ ( ) -. - .
2. = {, , } Y ={, , , } : , ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) (), -1(k).
3. S: 1 ={4, 5, 7, 8, 9}.
) S;
) S ;
) S -1.
4. . .
5. = {8, 5, 12, 7} : > . , : ) ? ) ?
6. , , , 210 .
6
1. ) , , \ , \ , = (2, +¥), = [4, 5).
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) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , ).
) , \ ( \ ) \ ( \ ) -. .
2. = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Y = {1, 3, 4, 16, 9, 25} : , , ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) (3), -1(25).
3. : 3 ={1, 3, 9, 27}.
) ;
) ;
) -1.
4. N : b . .
5. D = {3, 6, 9, 12} ={(3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 3), (12, 3), (9, 9), (12, 12)}. , : ) ? ) ?
6. 10 , 3 . ?
7
1. ) , , \ , \ , =[5, 1) = [2, 2].
) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , ).
) , ( \ ) -. .
2. = {1, 2, 3, 4} Y = {2p, 4p, 6p, 8p} : , , ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) ;
) .
) (1), -1(8p);
3. S: 2 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}.
) S;
) S ;
) S -1 .
4. N : . .
5. = {3, 6, 10} S: ³ . , S: ) ? ) ?
6. 12 , 4 , 6 . 6 , ?
8
1. ) , , \ , \ , = [3, 3), = (2, 5].
) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , ).
) , \ -. .
2. = {45, 0, 1, 66, 122} Y = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} : , ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) (45), -1(5).
3. S: 4 = {3, 7, 11,15}.
) S;
) S ;
) S -1 .
4. : , . .
5. = {1, 2, 3} = {(1, 2), (1, 1), (2, 2), (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 3), (1, 3)}. , :
) ? ) ?
6. 12 . , ?
9
1. ) , , \ , \ , = (2, 2], = [6, 0).
) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , );
) , ( ) / ( / ) -. , , .
2. = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} = {p, 4p, 9p, 16p} : , , ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) ;
) ;
) (3), (5), -1(4p).
3. : 5 = {1, 6, 11, 16}.
) ;
) ;
) - 1 .
4. N S: , . .
5. = {2, 4, 6, 8} = {(2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 8), (2, 2), (4, 4), (4, 8), (6, 6), (8, 8)}. , : ) ? ) ?
6. 5 . 11 .
10
1. ) , , \ , \ , = (¥, 2), = [1, 4].
) ´ , ´ , 2, 2, , );
) , ( \ ) ( ) -. , .
2. = {3 5; 9 + 2; 0: 7; 42; 6 0} Y ={0, 1, 10, 11, 15, 16} : , ( Î , y Î Y).
) D () () ;
) ;
) .
) ;
) (0: 7), -1(16).
3. S: 6 = {1, 6, 7, 12, 13}.
) S;
) S ;
) S -1 .
4. : . .
5. = { t, l, m, n } = {(t, l), (t, m), (t, t), (l, t), (l, l), (l, m), (m, t), (m, l), (m, m), (n, n)}. , : ) ? ) ?
6. 10 , 8 5 , 4 , 1 2 . ?