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, (). , . , x 1, x 2, , xn t = t 0. xi , xi xi .

 

 

1, 2,..., xN x N - , . , , . , . (1.5) , x F (x), (1.5):

 

 

(1.5) :

 

 

F (x) - N. . , . , . , , . n (Ν = 2 n).

 

2.4. . . , , . wi (.. , ki, ) m - ( ). , ( ) , , , .

 

2.5.

 

(Higham, Higham 2005 (177-179)). :

 

 

θ .

y 1(t) = θ (t) y 2(t) = (t)/ dt, 2- :

 

   
   

 

m:

 

function yprime=pendd(t,y)

yprime=[y(2);-sin(y(1))];

 

m- 0 < t < 8 yazero=[1;1], ybzero=[-5;2], yczero=[5;-2].

m-. . xlim([-5 5]) .

 

%ppend

tspan=[0 8];

yazero=[1;1];

ybzero=[-5;2];

yczero=[5;-2];

[ta,ya]=ode45(@pendd,tspan,yazero);

[tb,yb]=ode45(@pendd,tspan,ybzero);

[tc,yc]=ode45(@pendd,tspan,yczero);

hold on

plot(ya(:,1),ya(:,2))

plot(yb(:,1),yb(:,2))

plot(yc(:,1),yc(:,2))

xlim([-5 5])

xlabel(''); ylabel('');

gtext('');gtext('');

hold off

grid on

 

1.

 

. 1.

 

, , , , , (Hunt et al. 2008 (. 216-220)). , 1 , 1 , 0.5. , .

 

  (1)

 

t , ( = 0 ), y , 9.81 , , .

g Command Window (CW) (1):

 

g = @(t,x)[x(2);-0.5*x(2)- 9.81*sin(x(1))];

 

(0) = 0 (0) = 5 CW :

 

[t, xa] = ode45(g, [0:0.01:20], [0 5]);

plot(xa(:, 1), xa(:, 2))

grid on

 

. 2 t 0 < t <20 . ( MATLAB ode45, ode45.)

(0; 5), t, , (0; 0). , , t = 20. , , ( ), , .

 

. 2.

 

10.

 

[t, xa] = ode45(g, [0:0.01:20], [0 10]);

 

. 3.

 

(. 3.) , 14 , , (12.5; 0). , (4π; 0), 4π , 0 . . , , π, . 3π.

 





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