. 10.
10-2. ()
, | ' | 6 | ,/ | - | . | ||||
. | -. | -: | |||||||
0,51 | 1,74 | 2,11 | 2,25 | ||||||
0,63 | 1,74 | 0,35 | 2,64 | 2,83 | |||||
0,80 | 1,74 | 0,80 | 3,33 | 3,57 | |||||
0,99 | 1,74 | 1,30 | 4,10 | 4,39 | |||||
1,18 | 1,74 | 1,84 | 4,93 | 5,27 | |||||
0,54 | 1,85 | 2,25 | 2.41 | ||||||
0,67 | 1.85 | 0,36 | 2,80 | 3,00 | |||||
0,84 | 1,85 | 0,83 | 3,51 | 3.76 | |||||
1,04 | 1,85 | 1,34 | 4,31 | 4,61 | |||||
1,24 | 1,85 | 1,90 | 5,16 | 5,52 |
- , . 4.75 / -3.28 / . , 60% 40% ; , 4.16 / . , .
- () = 0.086 "\ = . - () = (0.84 "!" * 1 2 ) * 0.69.
- () :
() = /0.825. (0.825) , 0.86 0.75 , .
() = /0.652. (0.652) , 0.69 0.57 , .
() = /0.934. 0.96 0.88 .
- ( , /) =
6.25 [1/ (++^) - *]. - (
) - 0.764 (
0.8 - 0.7): -( ) -■ 0.2 ""4/
, -( , /) -2.46 * , (). -( ,)= 30 / . 1.9 / 3.3 / .
- ( , ) = /0.8645 , - 0.93%. - 75%; 21 % - 18% . - () = /.
-, , () , ; 1989 . (. Davis abd Drackley, 1998). , , Garrett (. NRC 1989), , 2.86 / . . Garrett (1980) , i , . , .
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10-3.
, | " | / | 4V | ' | ' | ' | . " | ||
. | -, | ME | |||||||
0.70 | 1,62 | 2,16 | 2,58 | ||||||
1,13 | 1,62 | 0,77 | 3,51 | 3,92 | |||||
1,27 | 1,62 | 1,01 | 3,93 | 4,35 | |||||
1,86 | 1,62 | 1,26 | 4,36 | 4,77 | |||||
0,80 | 1,85 | 2,47 | 2,89 | ||||||
1,26 | 1.85 | 0,83 | 3,92 | 4,33 | |||||
1,41 | 1,85 | 1,08 | 4,36 | 4,77 | |||||
1,56 | 1,85 | 1,34 | 4,83 | 5,23 | |||||
1,71 | 1,85 | 1,62 | 5,31 | 5,70 | |||||
1,87 | 1,85 | 1,90 | 5,80 | 6,19 |
10-3. | () | ||||||||
. | 1 | / | ' | * | * | ' | ." | ||
, | -. | ||||||||
70 | 0,90 | 2,08 | 2,77 | 3.19 | |||||
1,39 | 2,08 | 0,87 | 4,31 | 4,71 | |||||
1,54 | 2,08 | 1.14 | 4,77 | 5.17 | |||||
1.70 | 2,08 | 1,42 | 5,26 | 5,66 | |||||
1,86 | 2,08 | 1,71 | 5,77 | 6,16 | |||||
2.03 | 2,08 | 2,00 | 6,29 | 6.67 | |||||
0.99 | 2,30 | 3,07 | 3,48 | ||||||
1.51 | 2,30 | 0,92 | 4,67 | 5,07 | |||||
1,66 | 2,30 | 1,20 | 5,16 | 5,56 | |||||
1,83 | 2,30 | 1,49 | 5,68 | 6,07 | |||||
2,00 | 2,30 | 1,79 | 6,21 | 6,59 | |||||
2,18 | 2,30 | 2,10 | 6,75 | 7,13 | |||||
1,16 | 2,51 | 3,35 | 3,76 | ||||||
2,09 | 2,51 | 1,55 | 6,07 | 6,46 | |||||
2,28 | 2,51 | 1,87 | 6,62 | 7,00 | |||||
2,48 | 2,51 | 2,19 | 7,19 | 7.57 | |||||
2,68 | 2,51 | 2,52 | 7,78 | 8,15 | |||||
1,25 | 2,72 | 3,63 | 4,04 | ||||||
2,22 | 2,72 | 1,61 | 6,45 | 6,8 i | |||||
2,42 | 2,72 | 1,94 | 7,01 | 7,-10 | |||||
2,63 | 2,72 | 2,27 | 7,62 | 7. | 11 (XX) | ||||
2,84 | 2,72 | 2,62 | 8,22 | 8< | 10 |
'
|
|
50 80 , 0.4-0.5 /
60 100 , 0.6
0.9 .
- () = 0.086 "7\ = .
- () = (0.84 0-155 1:) * 0.69,
() .
- () = /0.75.
(/ ) = 3.10 60, 70 80 2.90
90 100 . , () = /0.57.
- () = (+0.45)/1.01 (. 2).
- ( , /) = 6.25 [1/
(+++) - ]. - ( )
0.70. -( ) - 0.2 "
; -( ) -3.3 /
(). -( )= 30 / .
- ( ), /0.75.
-()=110/.
+ +
, . ,
242
vkiishii . . , , (Sander et al.,1959).
, - , , . , , , (Holmes and Davey, 1976). .
, . , . . 10-1, 86% 69% , . . , . (NRC.1989) ( )
. 10.
() (, (Garrett el al., 1989):
(2) (3) |
= 51.045 - 10.836 : + 0.754 !-7.35
= 76.149 - 15.755 : + 1.062 '-69.7
/ .
, , , . , Garrett (1980) , 69.4 46.4% , , 3.1 / . , (Holmes and Davey. 1976) (NRC, 1980). , GaiTett (1980). , , 0.82 (NRC, 1989). - , , , 44% (Holmes and Davey, 1976), (Spanski et al.,1997). Garrett (1980) . - (1980) , (/ q) ( / ) . (2.5-3.4 /), 72 77% 50 59%. 75 57%, . , , .
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10-2 , 2- , 60% ( 4.75 / ) 40% ( 3.28 / ). 68% - 32%. , ( ) 82.5 65.2% , -
, ( ) . 50 , 400 /, (. 10-1), , (. 10-2) - 3.00 3.15 / . . , , , 1989 (5.90 /), Roy (1980). , 16 , (Stewart and Schingoethe. 1984; Jenny et al.,1991; Jaster et al.. 1 992; reddy et al., 1 993; Akayezu et al., 1 994: Quigley et al., 1994a; Abdelgadir and Morrill, 1995; Quigley et al.,1995, 1996b, 1997b: Abdelgadir et al., 1996a; Quigley and Bernard, 1996; Quigley and Welborn, 1996; Term et al.,19%; Lammers et al., 1998).
. 10-2 ( ) , /0.934, (0.%) (0.88) ( + 0.45)/1.01 (NRC, 1989), 2.
, 10-1 , , . , . (. 16. Davis and Drackley, 1998) , 0.8-1.0% 3- 2.8-3.0% , i e 8 .
,
, ( ) (. 10-4), . , (. 10-1). , i ipnpoc , , . , Webster et al.,(1975) , .
243
|
|
10-4. ( ).
, | ' | ' | 1 | "- | ' | ." | |||
. | -. | ME | |||||||
40 | 0,34 | 1.37 | 1,59 | 1,66 | |||||
0,49 | 1,37 | 0,51 | 2,32 | 2,42 | |||||
0,69 | 1,37 | 1,16 | 3,28 | 3,41 | |||||
0,40 | 1,62 | 1,88 | 1,96 | ||||||
0,56 | 1,62 | 0,55 | 2,67 | 2,79 | |||||
0.78 | 1,62 | 1,26 | 3,71 | 3,86 | |||||
1,02 | 1,62 | 2,05 | 4,85 | 5,05 | |||||
0,45 | 1,85 | 2,16 | 2,25 | ||||||
0,63 | 1,85 | 0,58 | 3,00 | 3,13 | |||||
0,86 | 1,85 | 1,34 | 4,10 | 4,27 | |||||
1,12 | 1,85 | 2,18 | 5,32 | 5,54 | |||||
0,51 | 2,08 | 2,42 | 2,52 | ||||||
0,70 | 2,08 | 0,62 | 3,32 | 3,45 | |||||
1,04 | 2,08 | 1,42 | 4,48 | 4,66 | |||||
1,21 | 2,08 | 2,31 | 5,76 | 6,01 | |||||
1,50 | 2,08 | 3,26 | 7,14 | 7,44 | |||||
0,56 | 2,30 | 2,68 | 2.79 | ||||||
0,76 | 2,30 | 0,65 | 3,61 | 3,76 | |||||
1,02 | 2,30 | 1,49 | 4,83 | 5,03 | |||||
1,30 | 2,30 | 2,42 | 6,18 | 6,44 | |||||
1,61 | 2.30 | 3,42 | 7,63 | 7,95 | |||||
0.62 | 2,51 | 2,92 | 3,04 | ||||||
0,82 | 2,51 | 0,68 | 3,90 | 4,06 | |||||
1,09 | 2,51 | 1,55 | 5,17 | 5,39 | |||||
1,38 | 2,51 | 2,55 | 6,62 | 6,85 | |||||
1,70 | 2,51 | 3,56 | 8,09 | 8,42 | |||||
0,67 | 2,72 | 3,16 | 3,29 | ||||||
0,88 | 2,72 | 0,70 | 4,18 | 4,35 | |||||
1,16 | 2,72 | 1,61 | 5,50 | 5,72 | |||||
1,46 | 2,72 | 2,62 | 6,96 | 7,25 | |||||
1,80 | 2,72 | 3,70 | 8,52 | 8,88 | |||||
2,14 | 2,72 | 4,84 | 10,17 | 10,59 | |||||
0,72 | 2,92 | 3,40 | 3,54 | ||||||
0,94 | 2,92 | 0,72 | 4,45 | 4,63 | |||||
1,22 | 2,92 | 1,66 | 5,81 | 6,05 | 212 ■ | ||||
1.54 | 2,92 | 2,71 | 7,32 | 7,63 | |||||
1,88 | 2,92 | 3,83 | 8,94 | 9,32 | |||||
2.24 | 2,92 | 4.00 | 10,65 | 11,09 | |||||
0,76 | 3,12 | 3,63 | 3,78 | ||||||
0,99 | 3,12 | 0,75 | 4,71 | 4,91 | |||||
1.29 | 3,12 | 1,72 | 6,12 | 6,39 | |||||
1,62 | 3,12 | 2,80 | 7,68 | 8,00 | |||||
1,97 | 3,12 | 3,69 | 9,34 | 9,74 | |||||
2,34 | 3,12 | 5,16 | 11,10 | 11,56 |
244
. 10.
10-4. ( ) ()
, | ' | ,1 | < | ' | ." | ||||
, | -, | ME | |||||||
0,81 | 3,31 | 3,85 | 4,01 | ||||||
1,05 | 3,31 | 0,77 | 4,97 | 5,17 | |||||
1,35 | 3,31 | 1,77 | 6,41 | 6,68 | |||||
1,69 | 3,31 | 2,88 | 8,02 | 8,35 | |||||
2.05 | 3.31 | 4,06 | 9,74 | 10,14 | |||||
2,43 | 3,31 | 5,31 | 11,54 | 12,02 | |||||
0,86 | 3,50 | 4,07 | 4,24 | ||||||
1,10 | 3.50 | 0,79 | 5,22 | 5.43 | |||||
1,41 | 3.50 | 1,82 | 6,70 | 6,98 | |||||
1,76 | 3,50 | 2,95 | 8,35 | 8,70 | |||||
2.13 | 3.50 | 4,17 | 10,11 | 10,53 | |||||
2,52 | 3,50 | 5,45 | 11,97 | 12,45 | |||||
0,90 | 3,69 | 4,29 | 4,46 | ||||||
1,15 | 3,69 | 0,81 | 5,46 | 5.69 | |||||
1,47 | 3,69 | 1,86 | 6,98 | 7,27 | |||||
1,82 | 3,69 | 3,02 | 8,67 | 9,03 | |||||
2,21 | 3,69 | 4,27 | 10,48 | 10,91 | |||||
2,61 | 3,69 | 5,58 | 12,38 | 12,90 |
- , ,
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