. | I should (Id) ask | Should I ask? | I should not (shouldnt) ask | |
You would (youd) ask | Would you ask? | You would not (wouldnt) ask | ||
He She would (d) It ask | he Would she ask? it | He would not She (wouldnt) It ask | ||
. | We should (Wed) ask | Should we ask? | We should not (shouldnt) ask | |
You would (youd) ask | Would you ask? | You would not (wouldnt) ask | ||
They would (theyd) ask | Would they ask? | They would not (wouldnt) ask |
Future Indefinite in the Past
Future Indefinite in the Past . - , . Future Indefinite in the Pst say, tell, write, think, know Past Indefinite (said, told, wrote, taught, knew ..).
He told me he would never repeat the same mistake. - O , .
I was sure she d be late as usual. , , , .
would :
The tape-recorder wouldnt work. - .
He wouldnt answer her letters. - xoe .
2. ( continuous tenses)
Continuous Tenses c. to be (Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite) ( Present Participle (Participle I)) . , () (PresentContinuous), - () (Past Continuous) (FutureContinuous).
Continuous Tenses , - . , , e c. to have c Continuous, e. Ha:
We are having guests tonight. - .
When I came in he was having dinner. - , .
to listen,to feel, to think Continuous, , c :
Are you listening? - cy?
I amfeeling fine! - !
What are you thinking of? - ae?
2.1. Hacoee e (The Present Continuous Tense)
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Oaoa Present Continuous
Present Continuous
. | I am asking | Am I asking? | I am not asking | |
You are asking | Are you asking? | You are not asking | ||
He,she,it is asking | Is he,she,it asking? | He,she,it is not asking | ||
. | We are asking | Are we asking? | We are not asking | |
You are asking | Are you asking? | You are not asking | ||
They are asking | Are they asking? | They are not asking |
ing
a) , , :
to tak e tak ing; to mak e ma king;
b) , :
to st op sto pp ing; to h it hi tt ing;
c) , :
to occ ur occu rr ing; to forg et forge tt ing;
d) - l, / :
to trave l trave ll ing; to fulfi l fulfi ll ing;
e) d, :
to stay sta ying; to carry carr ying;
f) i -i :
to l ie l y ing; to d ie d y ing.
Present Continuous
resent Continuous , . resent Indefinite, . . :
I usually do homework in the evening. - .
Im doing homework now. - .
Present Continuous :
1) , :
Dont you see I amwriting a letter? - Pa , ?
2) , , :
Could you lend me the book you bought yesterday? Sorry, I cant, Im reading it myself. - , ? - , , .
Where are you staying? Imstaying at my friends. - ? - .
3) resent Cntinuous , ( to come, to leave, to stay, to call to have guests, to give a party ..):
When are you coming to see us? - ?
Weregoing to the cinema this afternoon.- M .
4) resent Continuous ; always, constantly, all the time .. , :
u realwayscoming late! - !
He s constantly getting into trouble. - .
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5) rsnt Continuous to go c :
I m going to visit him tomorrow. - .
Are you going to learn French or German? -
?
6) :
nd so I m standing there and minding my own business when this policeman comes up to me. - , , .
2.2. p (h Past Continuous Tense)
Past ntinuous Tense
Past Continuous
- | ||||
I was asking | Was I asking? | I was not asking | ||
You were asking | Were you asking? | You were not asking | ||
He She was asking It | he Was she asking? it | He She was not asking It | ||
We were asking | Were we asking? | We were not asking | ||
You were asking | Were you asking? | You were not asking | ||
They were asking | Were they asking? | They were not asking |
y Past ntinuous
Past Continuous , . , - . a . ep:
It was snowing the whole day yesterday. - e.
What were o doing when I phoned y? - a, ?
Past Continuous :
1. a , :
What were you doing t 7 p.m. yesterday? - 7 e?
2. pa , , / . , Past Indefinite. ep:
Hilda wasdancing but when she saw me she stopped. - X , , .
3. . Hep:
While I wastaking a shower m other wasoking breakfast. - y, .
4. oa :
The bride waswearing a white dress and carrying a bouquet of lilies. - Heeca .
The bridegroom wastrembling and lookingpale. e .
5. , . Hep:
At the end of the week she wired that she was returning. - , c.
6. , . Hep:
She ws constantly trying to attract attention. - .
7. to wonder, to hope, to think:
I was wondering if youd like to come out with me one evening.- a, a- .
Pst Continuous c, :
a) . Hep:
I wasseeing Tom regularly now. T.
) , , , c :
Hr fae had gone pale which meant she wasnt liking it very much. - Ee o , , a.
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to feel, to look, to hurt, to ache, to itch, to wear Past Continuous, Past Indefinite e , . .:
I saw that he was feeling/ felt upset. - , - .
I met her in the street. She was wearing/ wore a warm coat. - ee . Ha .
2.3. (The Future Continuous Tense)
Future Continuous
Future Continuous
- | ||||
. | I shall be working | Shall I be working? | I shall not be working | |
You will be working | Will you be working? | You will not be working | ||
He She will be It working | he Will she be it working? | He She will not be It working | ||
. | We shall be working | Shall we be working? | We shall not be working | |
You will be working | Will you be working? | You will not be working | ||
They will be working | Will they be working? | They will not be working |
Future Continuous:
shall nt = shant [∫α:nt]; will nt = wn't [ w∂υnt];
shall not, will not = ll not
Future Cntinuous
Future Cntinuous , - . . to expect, to stay, to see ., , .
I ll be expecting you at 4 sharp. - 4.
Will you bestaying for dinner? - ?
I llbeseeing him this afternoon. - .
When m train arrives my parents willbewaiting on the platform. - , .
Futur Continuous , - , , :
rfessor Gorb will be giving another talk on this subject at the same time next week. - .
They will be arriving here tomorrow. - .
The police will be trying to keep order. - .
Future Continuous , :
Will you behavingdinner at home? - ?
Will you be going abroad this summer? - ?
Will you be staying in England? - ?
2.4.
(he Future Continuous in the Past Tense)
Future Continuous in the Past
Cpe Future Continuous in the Past
. | I should be working | Should I be working? | I should not be working | |
You would be working | Would you be working? | You would not be working | ||
He She would be It working | he Would she be it working? | He She would not be It working | ||
We should be working | Should we be working? | We should not be working | ||
You would be working | Would you be working? | You would not be working | ||
They would be working | Would they be working | They would not be working |
Future ntinuous in the Past
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Future tinuus in th Past , Future ntinus, to say, to tell, to think . . . :
Dont trouble him now. He said he d be writing an article all day long.- e . , .
3. (Perfect Tenses)
Perfect Tenses - , , (Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect) - to have (Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite) , II (Participle II) .
- (resent rfect) c y- (Past Perfect Future Perfect).
p aoo- , , . :
I have just received a letter from my brother Tim. Here it is .- . .
Business was very bad. Twenty people had already left the firm. - . .
I ll have done it by 5, I promise. 5, .
3.1. (The Present Perfect Tense)
Present Perfect
Present Perfect
I have asked | Have I asked | I have not asked | ||
You have asked | Have you asked? | You have not asked | ||
He She has asked It | he Has she asked? it | He She has not asked It | ||
We have asked | Have we asked? | We have not asked | ||
You have asked | Have you asked? | You have not asked | ||
They have asked | Have they asked? | They have not asked |
e Present Perfect
Present Perfect aa , , , .. . , - . , o , Present Perfect, , Present Indefinite. Hep:
Some fl haslet the cat in. - - .
(The cat is in.) ( .)
I ve heard the doctors opinion. - .
(I know the doctors opinion.) ( .)
Present Perfect , . , (, e .), . Hep:
We havebought a new TV-set. - y .
The students haveleft the room. - .
Present Perfect
1) resent Perfect , a e , p , - a. p o e e ea . E a c, , Past Indefinite:
- Have a cup of coffee with us. - .
- I ve had a cup, thank you. , o .
I had one afterlunch. - .
I haveseen this play. - .
I saw it at the Globe. - .
, Present Perfect c , when, where, how, a . Hep:
How did it become known? - ?
When did you read this book? - ?
2) Present Perfect , . Hep:
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You must be tired. Im afraid I vetalked too much. - , , . , .
I ve been a fool. - .
3) Present Perfect , , ( ) , o p. Cpae:
The weather has changed for the worse. - .
The weather changed for the worse - yesterday.
, today, this morning, this month, this year .., p , , Present Perfect, a Past Indefinite. c :
a) ye , Past Indefinite. Hep:
I didnt read the paper thismorning. - e po ( ).
) , c , o , Past Indefinite:
I met him in the library tonight. ( ).
) c , Present Perfect:
This year weve taken only one assistant. - o ( c, ).
4) o always, never, ever, already, not yet, before . c Present Perfect . Hep:
I have already washed up. - .
o: I already washed upafter dinner. - .
5) just - - Present Perfect, just now - - Past Indefinite:
He has just come back. O .
He came back just now.
6) Present Perfect , , a . Present Perfect Continuous:
I have known him for ages. - .
I ve been all over Africa. - o .
Present Perfect to live to study. to work : Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous.
I ve lived in Kiev for three years. - .
He has studied English since childhood. - O a
I have worked at my report since morning. = I have been working at my report since morning. - .
aa oo p since, , :
Weve lived in Moscow since 1970. | 1970 . | |
Ive lived in Moscow since my family moved there in 1970. | 1970. | |
Weve lived here since. | . |
, , for:
He hasnt workedfor years. - .
7) Present Perfect , , a , . ep:
Youll think otherwise after you have seen this film yourself. - c, a .
Present Perfect c to hear, to say, to forget, to understand . , . c Past Indefinite, Present Indefinite:
I didnt hear your question. .
What did you say? - ?
Now I understand. - .
Did you sleep well? - ?
I hear Mike is in Moscow. - a, Ma Mo.
I forget where he lives. - , ( : e o).
Ho: Ive forgotten to ring her up. ( : )
3.2. (The Past Perfect Tense)
st Perfect
st Perfet .
Pst rft.
He had asked | Had he asked | He had not (hadnt) asked |
Pst Perfect
Pst Prfet . , - / .
st rft . . . : . - , . : He got this book yesterday. He told me he had got this book yesterday.
Pst Prfct :
1) , , , :
She had left before June 1. - .
Outside the hotel I met Max who had gone to the same school. - . .
2) , , , . st Prfect , :
I had done the flat before Mother came home. After she had cried, she felt better.. , . - , .
3) , . st Prft Cntinuous, st Perft. , :
I felt as if I hadknown her all my life - , .
We went to see Mr Fennel who hadbeen a widower for two years. - - , .
4) , .., , :
I had hoped we could leave tomorrow but its beginning to look difficult - , , , , ( ).
I had intended to make a cake but I ran out of time.- , ( ).
5) , , :
decided he wouldnt look at his watch till he had read 30 pages. - , , 30 .
PstPerfect :
1) , :
I got a real shock when I opened the box. - ,
.
2) , :
When I put the cat out he ran away to the bushes. - ,
.
3) , , Pst Perfect:
He told me that someone had phoned when I was out. - , - , .
3.3. (Th Futur rft)
FtrPerfect
Future Perfect
I shall have done | Shall I have done? | I shall not have done | ||
You will have done | Will you have done? | You will not have done | ||
He She will have He done | he Will she have it done? | He She will not have He done | ||
We shall have done | Shall we have done? | We shall not have done | ||
You will have done | Will you have done? | You will not have done | ||
They will have done | Will they have done? | They will not have done |
:
I shall not have = I shant have = Ill not have = I shantve
: Hellve done.
Future Perfect
Future Perfect , o . . Future Perfect , , .
The painters say they will have - ,
finished the downstairs room by
Tuesday. .
I ll have done my work by that time. - K
.
3.4.
(he Future Perfect in the Past)
Future Perfect in the Past , Future Perfect, , shall will should would. . , Future Perfect t say, to tell, to think . :
He said he would have translated the article by two oclock.- O ,
She thought she would have made a cake by the time her husband came - , , from work .
4. ( Perfect Continuous Tenses)
Perfect Continuous Tenses (Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, and Future Perfect Continuous) - p o. c a to be (, ) I .
Perfect Continuous Tenses , (resent Perfect Continuous) - (Past Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect Continuous) . :
I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. - . .
By the lunchtime I had beenworking for three hours.- .
By 7 oclock this evening he will have been flying in the orbit for 36 hours.
- 36 .
erfect Continuous o a , .
4.1.
(he Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous
. | I have (Ive) been working | Have I been working? | I have (Ive) not been working | |
You (Youve) have been working | Have you been working? | You (Youve) have not been working | ||
He has been She (s been) It working | Has he been she working? it | He has not been She (s not)working It | ||
We have (Weve) been working | Have we been working? | We have (Weve) not been working | ||
You (Youve) have been working | Have you been working? | You (Youve) have not been working | ||
They have (Theyve) been working | Have they been working? | They have (Theyve) not been working |
o copae cooae have/ has ve s, aeo - o cop ve/s have/ has, not havent, hasnt .
p Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous , :
) ;
) .
resent Perfect Continuous yo . c rsent Perfect Continuous rsent Perfect.
, , resent Perfect Continuous :
I have been waiting for you for - !
twenty minutes! ( )
I have been writing this letter the -
whole morning. ( ).
Prsnt Prft Continuous , . :
I hope you ve not been standing - ,
here long. ( -
, ).
The boys have not been sleeping -
at all well lately. .
rsent Perfect:
He lost his job two years ago. - .
hasnt worked since. - ().
Ann hasnt slept fr two das. - () .
resent Perfct ntinuous, , , . :
) ll my 1if, these three years, all this week, 1all this year, lately . :
We have been staying here all - .
this week.
) , for:
Theyve been writing a composi- - .
tion for two hours.
) since, , :
returned t 3 and has been reading since. | . | |
Hes been reading since 3. | . | |
Hes been reading since he returned. | , . |
, , since, ast Indefinite, , . , , / , resent Perfect Continuous:
I have been meeting your friend every -
day since we have been working on ,
the report. .
, , , , st Indefinite. :
I have been playing for the school -
football team for two years .
I played for the school football team - -
for two years at school. ,
.
rsnt Perfect Cntinuous , . , . :
Its wet in the street. It s been - . -
raining. .
Im not hot. I ve just been running. - . .
rsent Perfet Continuous , . Prsnt Perfect Continuous . :
I ve been wanting to talk to you. -
.
4.2.
(The Pst Perfect Continuous ns)
Pst rfect Continuous
Past Perfect Cntinuus .
She had (Shed) been cooking | Had she been cooking? | She had not (hadnt) been cooking |
st Perfect Continuous
st Perfect Continuous , , . :
I realised I d been overworking - ,
.
When at last she appeared I had - , , ,
been waiting for three hours. .
Present Prfct Cntinuous, Pst Perfect Continuous , , fr, since, .
Jim said hed been reading all day. - , .
I knew they had been correspond- - ,
ing for many years. .
He said hed been working in a - ,
newspaper since the war. .
She saw from their wet costumes - -
that they had been swimming. , .
Prsnt Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous . st Perfect:
I was told that the sisters hadntmet since their mothers death. - , .
She said she had been there all morning. - ,
.
4.3.
(The Future Perfect Continuous Tense)
a Future Perfect Continuous
. | I shall (Ill) have (ve) been running | Shall I have (ve) been running? | I shall not (shant) have (ve) been running | |
You will (youll) have (ve) been running | Will you have (ve) been running? | You will not (wont) have (ve)been running | ||
He will (ll) She have (ve) been It running | he have(ve) Will she been it running? | He will (ll) not She (wont) have (ve) It been running | ||
. | We shall (Well) have (ve) been running | Shall we have (ve) been running? | We shall not (shant) have (ve) been running | |
You will (youll) have (ve) been running | Will you have (ve) been running? | You will not (wont) have (ve) been running | ||
They will (theyll) have (ve) been running | Will they have (ve) been running? | They will not (won/t) have (ve) been running |
Future Perfect Continuous
Future Perfect Continuous , - / /. Future Prft Continuous , - , . , . - - :
Next year our Institute will have been working at this problem for five years. - , .
Yes, but by that time I ll have been waiting for half a year!- , !
4.4. (The Future Perfect Continuous in the Past)
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past , Future Perfect Continuous, , shall, will should would. , Future Perfect Continuous, to tell, to say, to think . .
She exclaimed that by that time she would have been waiting for him for half a year. - , .
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past , Future Perfect Continuous