1. He asked: Close the door!
2. Mother reminded: Dont be late for school.
3. Jean said: My dad will be 50 years old next year.
4. Mike noted: I called him a few days ago.
5. He inquired: Do you want to speak to me?
6. She wondered: When will they arrive?
7. He wondered: What are you laughing at?
8. Nellie asked me: Did you see Hamlet last night?
9. Dont touch me, he said to me.
10. Why dont you drink your tea? my mother said.
XIII. (THE GERUND)
- , . .
| Active Voice | Active Voice | Passive Voice | |
| coming | asking | being asked | |
| having come | having asked | having been asked |
ce (The Present Participle, The Perfect Participle). , , . :
| The boy, reciting a poem, forgot several lines. | , , . | Present Participle |
| He likes reciting poems. | c. | Indefinite Gerund |
| Having passed the exams, we went on a hike. | , . | Perfect Participle |
| He was proud of having passed the exams very well. | , . | Perfect Gerund |
.
The Indefinite Gerund , :
I couldnt help laughing when I saw - her in that strange dress. , .
He went out without saying a word. - O , .
to remember, to forget, to excuse to forgive, to thank, ftr, on/ upon The Indefinite Gerund , , .. The Perfect Gerund:
Thank you for your coming. - , .
I dont rememberseeing him before. - , .
On entering the room we found it empty.- , , .
The Perfect Gerund , :
Ann was proud of having got an excellent mark at the exam.- , .
The Passive Gerund (Indefinite and Perfect) , :
I insist on being told everything. - , .
He was proud of having beenelected chirmn. - , .
:
1) :
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) , :
| ? | Would you mind passing me the bread? | me | |
| the bread | |||
| I like reading books of that sort. | books | ||
| , ? | Do you mind my speaking to him? | to him |
) :
h child burst out crying bitterly. - .
2) :
) , , , of, for, in, without, before, after, on, upon, by, about, to:
Whats the use of arguing? - ?
Im tired of waiting. - .
hnk you for helping me. - .
) , :
What do you say to his joining us? - , ?
Jns coming is always a pleasure. - - .
) , : , .
-: , :
h floor in this room needs painting. - .
St talking. - .
Everybody laughed on hearing his answer. , .
I remember hearing this story before. - , .
:
1) to vid, t enjy, to finish, t giv u, to go on, ant hlp, to keep (on), to mind ( ), t mention, to put off, to stop, to want ():
You must go on working. - pa.
My brother gave up smoking a year ago. - .
Avoid making mistakes like these. - .
, : t continue, to dislike, to begin, to like, to forget, to intend, to hate, to love, to learn, to need, to mean ( ), to prefer, to propose, to start, to try, to remember:
We intend to go to Moscow going in summer. - .
Nick proposed to start (starting) the next morning. - .
2) to think of, to complain of, to dream of, to begin by, to finish by, to end by, to mean by, to thank for, to go in for, to excuse for, to use for, to prepare for, to help in, to fail in, to succeed in, to look forward to, to save from, to keep from, to stop from, to insist on, to look like, to feel like:
W are thinking of going on a hike during our summer holidays. - , .
What do you mean by saying that? - ?
succeeded in solving the problem. - .
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( about) yopeec What/ how about + :
What about going to the concert? - , ?
How about having some tea? - ?
3) , to be: fond of, sure f, proud of, tired of, ashamed of, afraid of, good at, bad at, clever at, pleased at, surprised at, ready for, sorry for, grateful for, famous for, good for, right in, used to:
Nick is very good at painting. - .
Are you sure of winning the omtition?- , ?
4) worth(while) busy:
This book is worth reading. - .
Its not worthwhile quarrelling. - He .
Soon she was busy eating. - .
5) ( n, in, for .)
I dont see any use in going there. - , .
Is there any hope of getting tickets? - - ?
Ive had little time for reading this week. -
.
6) The Indefinite Gerund, , . . : a swimming race - (); wlking-stick ();
7) :
Walking always gives me an appetite. - .
Learning rules without examples is of little use - e .
- it:
It was a pleasure meeting you. - .
its no use (good/ sense) + -:
Its no use waiting any longer. - .
8) :
ur aim is learning to speak English. - - -.
9) ( :
) ( on, upon, after, before, in):
Think bfr answering. - .
On seeing me he stopped. - , .
) ( in, without, by):
The girl listened without saying a word.- , .
By doing this, youll save a lot of time. - , .
XIV. (THE INFINITIVE)
- , . t.
Be sure to come. - .
Im so glad to have met you. , .
, , - .
| Active Voice | Passive Voice | ||
| Indefinite | to swim - | to discuss | to be discussed |
| Continuous | to be swimming - | to be discussing | |
| Perfect | to have swum | to have discussed | to have been discussed - |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been swimming - ( ) | to have been discus-sing ( ) |
3
Indefinite Infinitive ( ), ( ), .
Im very glad to see you. - .
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Im sorry to be late. - , .
I dont like to be interrupted. - , .
Continuous Infinitive , /, , :
The weather seems to be changing. - , .
It was a real pleasure to be swimming in the sea on such a hot day. - .
rfect Infinitive /, /, :
Im glad to have bought this book. - , .
It's awfully nice of you tohavecome. - .
t hope, to mean, to expect Past Indefinite shld, uld, ought (to), to be (to) Perfect Infinitive , (, ) :
I hoped to have come in time. - .
He could have written the composition much better. - .
Sh was to have come yesterday. - .
Perfect Continuous Infinitive /, /, , , :
She turned out to have been cleaning the house since morning. - , .
(Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous) a - -. - -.
This work must be done today. - .
Im afraid it cant be helped. - , .
, , .
I nt speak so loudly. - .
You must come back as soon aspossible. - .
, , , :
| . | Ill be glad to keep you company. | company | |
| you | |||
| . | Im not going to wait for you. | for you |
1) , to begin, to start, to continue, to end, to stop, to finish, to want, to intend, to decide .., , , , , , :
We can actually begin the experiment - .
y watch began to gain. - .
2) :
To prolong this discussion is towaste time. -
.
3) :
To smoke is bad for health. - .
- , it: It is bad for health to smoke.
:
) It is (was, will be, has been, would be, must be) better (good, bad, easy, difficult, necessary, nice, hard) + . :
It is impossible to understand what you say.- , .
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Will it be hard to pass this exam? - ?
) It is (was, etc.) kind (wrong, wise, unwise, clever, rude, nice, good, bad, bold, careless) of smb. + . :
It was wrong of you to say that. - p .
It was nice of you to help me. - .
4) to help, to like, to assist, to prefer, to ask, to forget, to beg, to promise, to recommend .:
He forgot to wind the watch when he went to bed - , .
5) o :
verybody watched himwalk across the garden - , .
6) :
He was the first to come here. - .
Please give me some water to drink. - , .
, , , . :
We intended to camp in one of the inlets to be found round that tiny shore. - , .
He is the man to do it. - , .
7) :
W came t the station to see them off. - , .
8) :
At that time I was too young tothink of such things. - , .
9) what, which, whm, how,when, whre, whether, if , :
| I dont know what to do. | , . | |
| The question is where to go. | , . | |
| What to do next was our main problem. | . |
to
, , to, .
What are you going t do now? - ?
Whats t be dne? - ?
Im sorr to have done it. - , .
, a , t :
Why didnt yu help him? - ?
- e didnt ask me to. - ().
, and or, to :
We wanted to find the boy and persuade him to return home. - .
to to be to have, , ght:
I have tobe at home at 5. - 5.
You ll have to obey me. - .
You ought to b e more attentive. - .
to :
1) , :
It must be six oclock. - , , .
I cannot swim yet. - .
Do you know the new timetable? - ?
2) to see, to hear, to watch, to observe, to notice, to feel, to let, to make, to get, to have, to help:
I heard her play the piano. - , .
Who let you take the jam? - ?
, t:
He was heard to lock the door. - , .
He was made to do it. - .
3) I wont have:
I wont have this cat play on my bed! - , !
4) why:
Why not go there? - e ?
5) had better, would rather, would sooner:
He said he would rather stay at home. - ,
.
George said we had better get the canvas first - , .
XIII, XIV.
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