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XII.




(DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH)

1.

- . , , , , , . - . :

The teacher says, The lesson is over. - : . , , , . : The lesson is over, the teacher says.

, , . , , , . , , , :

The lesson is over, the teacher said, and you can go home.- , - , - .

I cant go with you, Mary said. I must do my homework.- , - . .

. . :

She said, Mike has been arrested. She said that Mike had been arrested.
: . , .

, . , to say , . to say , , . to say to:

Im fond of my dog, said to the girl her mother. - , - .

The girl said to her mother that was she fond of her dog.- , .

to say, , , to say to tell , . to tell, to say, :

He said to me, I have seen you somewhere.- : - .

He told me that he had seen me somewhere.- , - .

, that to say, to tell, to write, to answer, to reply, to know, to think, to ask . to write, to answer, to reply :

Tom says he is going to study French. - , .

She replied that she knew it. - , nothing about .

In her last letter she wrote that she had successfully passed all her exams.- , .

I didnt know she had left. - , .

 

2.

:

1. , , , . .

2. , ( , ).

3. that . that to say, to know, to think. , (, to reply , to state - , to remark - ..) that . , , , - .

4. , - ( ) . , , , :

Im very sorry. He says(that) he is very sorry.
Jane: Ill be ready in a moment. Jane saysthat shell beready in a moment.

( Past Indefinite), , :

Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Indefinite Past Perfect
Future Indefinite Future Indefinite in the Past

( ). .

, to answer , , :

He said ( that) he would go back by the seven oclock train - , .

Dave said, Dan, I want to talk to you. - : , . Dave told Dan that he wanted to talk to him. - , .
Cora whispered, They are looking at you. - : . Cora whispered that they were looking at him. - , .
She said, I have been working at this plant for 20 years. - : 20 . She said (that) she had been working at this plant for 20 years. - , 20 .
A stranger said, I shall make a note of it. - : . A stranger said (that) he wouldmake a note of it. - , .
He said, She disappeared in a con-centration camp. - : . He said that she had disappeared in a concentration camp. - , .
Tom said, He was given a new position. - : . Tom said that he had been given a new position. - , .

, (.. ) :

1) Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous Future in the Past:

We had finished our work by 5 oclock yesterday. - 5 . They said they had finished their work by 5 oclock yesterday. - , 5 .

2) . , to be:

Peter: I was at the conference of inventors in 1995. - : 1995 . Peter said that he was at the conference of inventors in 1995. - , 1995 .
He said, I was born in 1950. - : 1950 . He said (that) he was born in 1950. - , 1950 .

3) , .

, :

now - then -
today - that day -
tomorrow - the next day -
the day after tomorrow - in two days time - ; two days later -
yesterday - the day before the previous day
the day before yesterday - two days before - ; two days earlier -
ago - before -
next year - the next year the following year
here - there -
this - that -
these - those -

, , , :

I said, I shall behere tomorrow. - : . I said that I should bethere the next day. - , .

here tomorrow there the next day , .

I said, I shall be here tomorrow. - : . I said that I should be here tomorrow. - , .

here - tomorrow , .

3.

, . , : , , , .. .

: 1) , ; 2) , . to ask .

whether if, whether. . whether if :

He said Have you read the morning papers? - : ? He asked me whether (if)I had read the morning papers. - , .
I asked, Do you understand now? - : ? I asked him if he understood now. - , () .

, . . that:

Do you speak English? - -? Yes, I do. No, I dont.
I answered that I did. , . I answered that I didnt. , .
Have you received a let-ter from home? - - ? Yes, I have. No, I havent.
I answered that I had. , . I answered that I hadnt. , .
Will he take part in the chess tournament? - - ? Yes, he will. No, he wont.
I answered that he would. - , () . I answered that he wouldnt.- , () .
Are you very tired? ? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
I answered that I was. , . I answered that I wasnt. , .

:

He answered in the affirmative. . He answered in the negative. .

, . :

Michael said, Why dotheywant to wear the uniform? - : ? Michael asked why they wanted to wear the uniform. - , .
He asked, When didyousee him? - : ? He asked when Ihad seen him. - , .
He asked, How willhefind it out? - : ? He asked how hewould find it out. - , .
He asked me, Whohas come? - : ? He asked me whohad come. - , .

 

4.

(, , ) , (to ask, to beg, to request, to implore), , , (to tell, to order, to compel). , , .

. not. :

She said, Open the window, please. - : , , . She asked me to openthe window. - .
She said, Dont open the window, please. - : , , . She asked me not to openthe window. - .
He said, Stop the car. - : . He told me to stopthe car. - .
He said, Dont bangthe door. - : . He told me not to bangthe door. - .
The commander said to the sentry, Take the prisoner away. - : . The commander ordered the sentry to takethe prisoner away. - .

, (.. to ask, to order ..), , , , . :

The commander said, Take the prisoner away. - : . The commander ordered the prisoner to be taken away. - ( ).

 

Present Indefinite/Simple Past Indefinite/Simple
Present Continuous/Progressive Past Continuous/Progressive
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous /Progressive Past Perfect Continuous /Progressive
Past Indefinite/Simple Past Perfect
Past Continuous/Progressive Past Perfect Continuous /Progressive
Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous /Progressive
Future tenses Future-in-the-Past tenses

 

XI, XII.





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