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. , . .

. , .

. . . . : -, .1 , , , , . -

1 J.B. Greenough and G. L. ittridge, Words and Their Ways in English Speech, New York, 1929, p. 55.

85


, , .

, , , , .

, , - , : . , , .

:

1. , , : barker1 ; to dance2 ; to crush3 ; idea pot4 .

: dirt6 ; 6 -, ; dotty7 .

2. , , : big-boy8 ; knitting needle9 ( ); to eat the ginger10 ; smacking11 ; dark12 ( ) ( ); dead hooper13 ; sleeper14 ( ) .

. , : , , , , .

1-14 . . . W e s n. Dictionary of American Slang, London, 1934.

86


3. , , .

, , , . . . . , , for good1 , to have a hunch2 , show3 , ; to get someone4 , cut-throat5 , .

, , , :(.) (). , , : chink ; fishy ; governor ; hum ( humbug) .

4. , . , , Scrooge . "A Christmas Carol".

5. .

, , , , shark1 ( ) - ( ); suicide ditch3 ( ) ( ); black coat3 ( ) ; , ; : rabbit heart4 ( )

1, 2,3 L. r r and M. Van den Bark. The American Thesaurus of Slang.

4,5 W. Freeman. A Concise Dictionary of English Slang, London, 1955.

87


belly-acher5 ( )

. . , - .

6. , . : agent ; to agent6 . altar , ; to altar7 .

ancient

, . - ancient8 .

7. . , rep1 ( reputation) ; cig2 ( cigarette) ; lab3 ( laboratory) . .

ad ( advertisement) flu ( influenza) .

, , , 4 ( mama) , sis5 ( sister) .

. : to go halves ; to go in for -; to cut off with a shilling : affair ; in a way ; how come .

1-8 M. H. Weseen. A Dictionary of American Slang. London, 1934.

1-3 M H. Weseen. A Dictionary of American Slang. London, 1934.

4-6 L. rr and M. Vanden Bark. The American Thesaurus of Slang, New York, 1943.

88


"A Concise Dictionary of English Slang" .

, . , . : charmer 6 , 1 , 2 .

to listen in , , .

to get the better of - , .

, , . . , : sl. or dial. : 1 hook it , . ("slang or dial."); swallow-pipe .

, , .

, -

1 . W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, III ed., Oxford, 1934

2 N. Webster. Webster's New International Dictionary, II ed., Springfield, 1948.

89


. , , , ain't, gi'n (given), one of them slippers, , as whom which, [n] [η ] . .

The Times 12 1957 . :

Leggo my ear, please; Sarge (sergeant); I've got a date with that Miss Morris to-night.

Leggo , sarge , . date .

, , , , . .

, , . , , . , to make a dead set at1 , -. XVIII . ; XVIII . . to make a dead set at smb. .

, , . -

1 . . . - , 1955 .

90


, .

. , .

, , . , . ) ( ), ) ) .

, , - .

. . , . :

" edge his way along the crowded paths of life, warning all human sympathy to keep its distance, was what the knowing ones call "nuts" to Scrooge."

nuts to (a person) XIX , -. XIX .1

1 . . XI XI, nutty:

" be nuts upon, is to be very much pleased or gratified with anything: thus, a person who conceives a strong inclination for another

91


, , . . , . .

. , . , .

, , , , . . . - , (). - . . , , , . , . . , . .

, :

Frank soon picked up all of the technicalities of the situation, A "bull", he learned, was one who bought in anticipation of a higher

of the opposite sex is said to be quite nutty upon him or her." Ibid.

92


price to come; and if he was "loaded up" with a "tine" of stocks he was said to be "long." He sold to "realise" his profit, or if his margins were exhausted he was "wiped out." A "bear" was one who sold stocks which most frequently he did not have, in anticipation of a lower price, at which he could buy and satisfy his previous sales. He was "short" when he had sold what he did not own, and he "covered" when he bought to satisfy his sales and to realise his profits or to protect himself against further loss in the case prices advanced instead of declining. He was in a "corner" when he found that he could not buy in order to make good the stock he had borrowed for delivery and the return of which had been demanded. He was then obliged to settle practically at a price fixed by these to whom he and other "shorts" had sold.

(Th. Dreiser. The Financier.)

, . , , , .

, , (, , ) , , , - . , , : tin fish (. ) ; block-buster (. ) , ; tin-hat (. ) .

, , . . , , . , , . , fore and aft .

93


: to let go the lines , om, ; poop ; fo'c'sle , .

, to be well under way, to come alongside, to muster (the crew) . .

. ( ): four-bagger (home-run); coveted paste boards (hard-to-get tickets); grid classic (big game); tankmen (swimmers); centure (100-yard dash).

, , . , , .

( ) , , .

:

In his most expressive language he was "floored". So was Mr. Ben Allen. So was Mr. Pickwick.

"floored", , . .

, , - . , , , . , , , ().

, . . . -

94


, , .

. , , , . . , , , , .

, , . "The Duel", - (Father Knickerbocker) , , .

Father Knickerbocker met them at the ferry giving one the righthander on the nose and the other uppercut with his left, just to let them know that the fight was on.

righthander, uppercut, ring, to counter, to clinch . , .

- , ' . . , , . - . four-bagger, tankmen, centure, fan () bull, corner, to be loaded up, bear . .

95


. , . . . - , , , , . . . , , , .

14- , XXXIII:

And now in this new field, with some applause, He clear'd hedge, ditch, and double post, and rail, And never craned, and made but few "faux pas,"

craned . , : to crane, , , , , .

, , .

, . slang, jargon cant. . , cant . , ,1 , cant.

1 . . .

96


jargon (technicalities of science, the professions and the trades...)1 . . , .

, , , .2

jargon, cant slang ( cockney), , , , .

talkin', 'e, 'is, you was . , . "Narrow Corner" (cant, jargon):

"Talkin' about you, 'e was, to another doctor, pal of is, and sayin' you was such a marvel and all that, and out of curiosity they 'ad a look see."

, , , . . , (cant jargon), .

, , . , . .

. -

1 . . Partridge. Slang To-day and Yesterday, L, 1935. . . . . 6, 1956 .

7-323 97


. , .

, ... .1 - ) , ) ) .

. . :

Mrs. Gilby: What's a squiffer?

Dora: Oh, of course: excuse my vulgarity: a concertina.

Dora:... and I gave his helmet a chuck behind that knocked it over his

eyes and did a bunk.

' Mrs. Gilby: Did a what?

Dora: A bunk, Holy Joe did one too all right: he sprinted faster than he ever did in college.

(B. Shaw. Fanny's First Play.)

bunk sprinted. . .

, . . , , . , (. 7) , . :

1 . . .: , 1937, . 235.

98


He from the world had cut off a great man, Who in his time had made heroic bustle.

Who in a row like Tom could lead the van,

Booze in the ken*, or at the spellken** hustle?

Who queer a flat1? Who (spite of Bow street's ban) On the high toby-spice2 so flesh the muzzle?

Who on a lark,3 with black-eyed Sal (his blowing),4 So prime, so swell,5 so nutty,6 and so knowing7?

.

, , .7

* A house that harbours thieves is called a KEN. ** The playhouse.

1 To puzzle or confound a gull, or silly fellow.

2 Robbery on horseback.

3 Fun or sport of any kind.

4 A pick-pocket's trull.

6 So gentlemanly. See Slang Dictionary.

6 To be nuts upon, is to be very much pleased or gratified with anything: thus a person who conceives a strong inclination for another of the opposite sex is said to be quite nutty upon him or her. Ibid.

7 The advance of science and of language had rendered it unnecessary to translate the-above good and true English, spoken in its original purity by the select nobility and their patrons.

The following is a stanza of a song which was very popular, at least in my early days:

2 "On the high toby-spice flash the muzzle,

In spite of each gallows old scout; If you at the spellken can't hustle,

You'll be hobbled in making a Clout. Then your Blowing will wax gallows haughty,

When she hears of your scaly mistake, She'll surely turn snitch for the forty

That her Jack may be regular weight."

If there be any gemman so ignorant as to require a traduction, I refer him to my old friend and corporeal pastor and master, John Jackson, Esq., Professor of Pugilism; who, I trust, still retains the strength and symmetry of his model of a form, together with his good humour, and athletic as well as mental accomplishments.

(John Murray, The poetical Works of Lord Byron.)

7 . , , , , , -

7* 99


, , - (, .), . , : kid - , ; fun, queer, bluff, fib, humbug , - , .

. . . , , :

"No real sportsman cares for money," he would say, borrowing a 'pony' if it was no use trying for a 'monkey'. There was something delicious about Montague Dartie. He was, as George Forsyte said, a 'daisy'."1

(J. Galsworthy. In Chancery.)

, , .

. , , . , - , , . , .

, , , , , , , , , - . . ( A.M. . . . . -, 1935, . 141 142.)

1 Pony 25 pounds

500 pounds

Daisy first-rate thing or person.

100


, , , , . , , "Waiting for Lefty" 30 . : palooka ; heluva ; jees! ; lit ; beanery .

, , , : , , .

, , . , . , . . ( ) ain't, , here ('ere); he('e); herself ('erself); (η) [n] , , raisin' raising, missus ('raisiz) like, cockney. : it ain't like as if I was a blackfellow or a kanaka; Bad luck your crockin' up like this, I says, very affable like. (S. Maugham); I says; me my .


"Narrow Corner", , , :

"I knew the missus'd start on me, and she'd give me a bit of cold mutton for me supper, though she knows it's the death of me, and she'd go on and on, always the lady, if you know what I mean, but just nasty cuttin' and superior-like, never raisin' her voice, but not a minute's peace. An' if I was to lose me temper and tell 'er to go to hell, she'd just draw 'erself up and say: none of your foul language 'ere, Captain, if you please."

, , , .

, , , , , . , . , : damn, bloody, son of a bitch, hang it, to hell, zounds .

. , , . , , . . , , . , , ,

d ; b .

, , . , , .

102


()

. , , , . , , .

, .1

1 , . . . , . (. . ).

, ; , .

, . , .

, , : (, , ) (, , ), . , . . , , . (. . 11, 1935 .).

103


Mrs. Burlacombe "A Bit O'Love", -, :

Mrs. Burlacombe: Zurely! I give 'im a nummit afore 'e gets up; an' 'e 'as 'is brekjus reg'lar at nine. Must feed un up. He'm on 'is feet all day, goin' to zee folk that widden want to zee an angel, they'm that buzy; an' when 'e comes in 'e'll play 'is flute there. He'm wastin' away for want of 'is wife. That's what 'tis. An' 'im so sweet-spoken, tu, 'tes a pleasure to year 'im Never says a word!


. , , .

, .

, ; .

, , , . . , , - ( ) , . .

, . . , . , , , . . , , . , () , . . , .

105


: , , . . : . , ; , , . , , , .

, ? , , , . 1) - , 2) , 3) . , . , , , .1

, , , , , . . .. .

.

1) -

1 . . . 1953 , 5.

106


, , , . , , , . .

- , , .

, , deer , ; fowl , ; meat , ; charge , , ; citizen , ; clerk , , , , , .

, () - . , , heavy - , {) heavy rain; , heavy armour; heavy task; () heavy price; () heavy villain . . - heavy.

, , - , - , . start :1

a) A sudden and transient effort of movement;

b) a sudden involuntary movement of the body;

c) a setting out on a journey or race;

d) a signal for starting in a race;

1 "The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles."

107


e) an opportunity or an assistance given for starting on a career.

get :

a) to obtain possession of;

b) to gain (a victory);

c) to win;

d) to learn, commit to memory;

e) to find out, obtain as a result by calculation or experiment;

f) to get hold of, to capture (of a person); to become; to grow (with comparatives);

g) to reach; h) to receive .

hand :

a) The terminal part of the arm below the wrist;

b) possession, charge, power, authority; c) part or change in the doing of something; d) side (right or left);

e) one employed to do any manual work; f) the pointer of a clock or watch .

, - , . - . () , , . , fox fox .

- . - . - . , , grow ( )

108


,1 grow smaller, grow older . to come to come to terms . .

- (, , ) .

- . , , . : , . , , , . , , appease : , ; : to conciliate by political, economic or other means.

, , now usually signifying a sacrifice of moral principle in order to avert aggression.

collaborator , , .

- , , .

, , .

1 -.

109


, , . , . . , - , - , , . , , . . , .

, , , , . .

. , . . . :

, , . , .1

- - , ( )

, - , know know , life life - .

1 . . . , 1947 . 21.

11


job, : at the door of each job he...

job , . .

.

assert It was only when he crawled to bed at night, or to breakfast in the morning, that she asserted herself to him in fleeting memories. (J. London.) , , . to walk . to walk with a girl . "If" walk ... or walk with kings nor loose your common touch , , .

to excuse thought :

Soames excused himself directly after dinner. (J.Galsworthy.) A thought more fashionably than usual. (J. Galsworthy).

to excuse oneself ; a thought . . .

. - , , , , . - , , , , . . . , 111


- , . . . : ( )... , 1.

, , . .

"Christmas Carol" "But the wisdom of our ancestors is in the simile" wisdom : ( - , ); , , ( , wisdom).

("Much Ado About Nothing") losses "A fellow that hath had losses," loss , , .

, , - . , losses hardships. wisdom science.

, - . . , , , - ; - ,

1 . . . , 1948, . 122.

112


(, , ).1 "Dombey and son".

"... the dawn of her new life seemed to break cold and grey."

dawn , , . . dawn .

:

"Miss Tox's hand trembled as she slipped it through Mr. Dombey's arm, and felt her self escorted up the steps, preceded by a cocked hat and a Babylonian collar."

cocked hat Babylonian collar

1 - . . . , , . , , . , . , , , . . , ? , , , ( -, ) . (, ), , , . , , , . . :

The sky lamp of the night

lamp . , ? lamp , .

8 323 113


. , .

"Pickwick Papers" , , : "This coherent speech was interrupted by..."

coherent , .

, - , - .

- . . , .

. . , .

* * *

2) , . , , . - , , , , . , - .1

1 . , ,

114


- , . -. . , . . .

, - . , -, -ie (girlie, birdie, sonny); -let (kinglet, ringlet, streamlet) . .

, - , . , . , , alas, oh, ah, gosh, gee . - , .





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