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Helbig & Weinrich

Ausgewahlte Quellen zur deutschen Geschichte des Mittelalters

Helbig &

Weinrich Herbert Helbig and Lorenz Weinrich (eds.)r Urkunden und

erzahlende Quellen zur deutschen Ostsiedlung im Mittelalter

(AQ 26, 2 vols., Darmstadt, 1968-70)

J.-L. Regesta pontificum Romanorwn... ad annum... 1198,

ed. P. Jaffe, rev. S. Loewenfeld et a!. (2 vols., Leipzig, 18858)

Lacarra Jose Maria Lacarra (ed.), 'Documentos para el estudio

de la reconquista repoblacion del Valle del Ebro', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragon 2 (1946), pp. 469574 (docs. 193), 3 (1947-8), pp. 499727 (docs. 94286), 5 (1952),j pp. 511668 (docs. 287400); repr. in 2 vols. Textes medievales 623 (Saragossa, 1982-3)

MF Mitteldeutsche Forschungen

MCH Monumenta Germaniae historica

MPH Monumenta Poloniae historica

n.s. new series,

PL Patrologiae, cursus completus, series latino,

ed. J.-P. Migne (221 vols., Paris, 1844-64)

Po. Regesta pontificum Romanorum inde ab annum...

1198 ad a. 1304, ed. A Potthast (2 vols., Berlin, 1874-5)

RHC.Occ. Recueit des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux (5 vols., Paris, 1844-95)

RS Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores ('Rolls Series')

(251 vols., London, 1858-96)

SRC Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim

editi (MGH)

SS Scriptores (MGH)

UB Urkundenbuch

1

' Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comi-tis et Roberti Guiscardi duds fratris eius 3.19, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum italicarum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928), pp. 689 ( ).

2 Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 3, ed. and tr. Marjorie Chibnall (6 vols., Oxford, 196880), 2, p. 26,

3 : Pius Bonifatius Gams, Series episcoporum eccle-siae catholicae (Regensburg, 1873); Conrad Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi (1198 1431) (2nd ed., Minister, 1913), : Dictionnaire d'histoire et de geographic ecclesiastiques (21 vols. to date, Paris, 1912-); Lexicon fur Theologie und Kirche, ed. Josef Hofer and Karl Rahner (2nd ed., 11 vols.. Freiburg im Breisgau, 195767), .: Atlas zur Kirchengeschichte, ed. Hubert Jedin et al. (2nd ed., Freiburg im Breisgau, 1987), , .

Magdeburg: Dipiomata Conradi I, Heinrici I et Ottonis J, ed. Theodor Sickel (MGH, Dipiomata regum et imperatorum Germaniae 1, Hanover, 187984), no. 366, pp. 5023.

: A.P.Vlasto, The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom (Cambridge, 1970), chapter 3; Francis Dvornik, The Making of Central and East-em Europe (London, 1949); .: Jiirgen Petersohn, Der sudliche Ostseeraum im kirchlich-poii+ischen Kraftespiel des Reichs, Polens und Danemarks vom 10. bis 13. Jahrhundert (Cologne and Vienna, 1979), part I, , .: Dietrich Claude, Geschichte des Erzbistums Magdeburg bis in das 12. Jahrhundert (2 vols., MF 67, Cologne, 19725); Fritz Curschmarm, Die Diozese Brandenburg (Verdffentlichungen des Vereins fur Geschichte der Mark Brandenburg, Leipzig, 1906).

4 Vita Constantini 15, tr. Marvin Kantor and Richard S. White, The Vita of Constantine and the Vita of Methodius (Michigan Slavic Materials 13, Ann Arbor, 1976), p. 47.

5 Adam of Bremen: Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 3.77, ed. Werner Trillmich, in Quellen des 9. und 1. Jahrhunderts zur Geschichte der Hamburgischen Kirche und des Reiches ( 11, Darmstadt, 1961), pp. 135503, at pp. 42830,

6 Pagan Uppsala: ibid. 4.267, ed. Trillmich, pp. 47072.

7 Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 4.7, ed. Pontieri, pp, 8890; .: Dieter Girgensohn, 'Dall'episcopato greco all'episcopato latino nell'Italia meridionale', in La chiesa greca in Italia dall'VIII al XVI secolo (3 vols., Italia sacra 2022, Padua, 1973) 1, pp. 2543.

8 Charles Homer Haskins, 'England and Sicily in the Twelfth Century', English Historical Review 26 (1911), pp. 43347, 64165, at p. 437.

9 Paul Freedman, The Diocese of Vic (New Brunswick, 1983), pp. 14 15.

.: Derek W. Lomax, The Reconguest of Spain (London, 1978); Charles J. Bishko, 'The Spanish and Portuguese Reconguest, 1095 1492', in Kenneth M. Setton (ed.), A History of the Crusades (Philadelphia and Madison, 6 vols., 195589} 3: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, ed. Harry W. Hazard, pp. 396456; Angus MacKay, Spam m (he Middle Ages: From Frontier to Empire, 10001500 (London, 1977), pp. 178; .: Diccionario de historia eclesiastica de Espana, ed. Quintin Aldea Vaquero et al. (4 vols., Madrid, 19725).

10 Privilegios reales viejos documentes de Toledo, ed. Juan Francisco Rivera Recio et al. (limited ed., Madrid, 1963), no. 1.

11 De expugnatione Lyxbonensi: The Conquest of Lisbon, ed. and tr. Charles W. David (New York, 1936), pp. 17880 and n. 5.

12 Primera cronica general de Espana 1129, ed. Ramon Menendez Pidal (2 vols., Madrid, 1955), 2, p. 769.

13 .: Bernard Hamilton, The latin Church in the Crusader States: The Secular Church (London, 1980); Hans Eberhard Mayer, Bistumer, Kloster nnd Stifte im Konigreich Jerusalem (MGH, Schriften 26, Stuttgart, 1977), part 1; Jean Richard, "The Political and Ecclesiastical Organization of the Crusader States', in Kenneth M. Setton (ed.), A History of the Crusades (Philadelphia and Madison, 6 vols., 195589) 5: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East, ed. Norman P. Zacour and Harry W. Hazard, pp. 193250; Giorgio Fedalto, La Chiesa Latino in Oriente (2nd ed., 3 vols., Verona, 1981); RL. Wolff, 'The Organization of the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople, 12041261', Traditio 6 (1948), pp. 3360.

14 .: Innocent III, 14 July 1208, Sacrosancta Romano ecclesia, Po. 3456; Registrum sive epistolae 11.113, PL 21416, at 215, col. 1433, .: Jean Longnon, 'Lrorganisation de 1'eglise d'Athenes par Innocent III', in Memorial Louis Petit: Melanges d'histoire et d'archeologie byzantines (Archives de I'Orient Chretien 1, Bucharest, 1948), pp. 33646; Leo Santifaller, Beitrage zur Geschichte des Lateinischen Patriarchats von Konstantinopel (12041261) und der venezianischen Urkunden (Weimar, 1938), pp. 13040; G.L.F. Tafel and G.M, Thomas (eds.), Urkunden zur alteren Handels und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig (3 vols., Fontes Austriacarum II, 1214, Vienna, 1856-7) 2, p. 101, no. 209.

15 .: Petersohn, Der sudliche Ostseeraum; R.Bartlett, 'The Conversion of a Pagan Society in the Middle Ages', History 70 (1985), pp. 185201; Karl Jordan, Die Bistumsgrundungen Heinrichs des Lowen (MGH, Schriften 3, Leipzig, 1939); Eric Christiansen, The Northern Crusades (London, 1980).

*6 .: Friedrich Benninghoven, Der Order der Schwertbruder {Cologne and Graz, 1965). , : Hartmut Boockrnann, Der Deutsche Orden (Munich, 1981).

17 Notker: Gesta Karoli 1.10, ed. Reinhold Rau, Quellen zur karolingi-schen Reichsgeschichte 3 (AO7, Darmstadt, 1960), pp. 321427, at pp. 3346.

18 Tota latinitas': Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 12,43, ed. Chib-nall, 6, p. 364.

19 XIIXIII .: Robin Frame, Colonial Ireland 11691369 (Dublin, 1981); idem. The Political Development of the British Isles 11001400 (Oxford, 1990); AJ. Otway-Ruthven, A History of Medieval Ireland (2nd ed., London, 1980); RBartlett, 'Colonial Aristocracies of the High Middle Ages', in Robert Bartlett and Angus MacKay (eds.). Medieval Frontier Societies (Oxford, 1989), pp. 2347.

20 Vita sancti Malachiae 8.16, in J. Leclerq and H.M. Rochais (eds.), Opera 3 (Rome, 1963), pp. 295378, at p. 325.

21 ibid. 8.17, ed. Leclerq and Rochais, p. 326; . : 2:23.

22 Song of Dermot and the Earl, lines 4315, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), p. 34.

23 Walter Bower, Scotichronicon 12.27, ed. D.E.R. Watt, 6 (Aberdeen, 1991), p. 388 (Remonstrance of 131718).

24 Bernard, Vita sancti Malachiae 8.16, ed. Leclerq and Rochais, p. 325.

25 . no kh,: Chanson de Roland, laisse 72, line 899, ed. F. White-head (Oxford, 1942), p. 27.

26 ]ohn of Salisbury, Letters, 1: The Early Letters (1153-61), ed. W.J. Mil-lor, H.E. Butler and C.N.L Brooke (London, etc., 1955), no. 87, p. 135.

27 Schlesisches UB, ed. Heinrich Appelt and Winfried Irgang (4 vols. to date, Graz, Cologne and Vienna, 1963-), 1, no. 11, pp. 89 (1143-5).

2

1 Philip of Novara (Philippe de Navarre), Les quatres ages de 1'homme 1.16, ed. Marcel de Freville (Paris, 1888), p. 11.

2 .: Henri-Francois Delaborde, Jean de Joinville et les seigneurs de Joinvule (Paris, 1894)

3 Jean de Joinville, Histoire de Saint Louis XXXVI (167), ed. Natalis de Wailly (Paris, 1874), p. 92.

4 Calendar of the Gormanston Register, ed. James Mills and M.J. McEn-ery (Dublin, 1916), p. 182.

5 Joinville, Histoire, ed. de Wailly, p. 545.

6 Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica, ed. and tr. Marjorie Chibnall (6 vols., Oxford, 1968-80), indices, s.v. 'Grandmesml'; , ibid. 2, p. 370; Marjorie Chibnall, The World of Orderic Vitalis (Oxford, 1984), p. 227; Leon-Robert Menager, 'Inventaire des families normandes et frangues emigrees en Italie meridionale et en Sicile (Xle-XIIe siecles)', in Roberto il Guiscard e il suo tempo (Fonti e studi del Corpus membranarum

italicarum. Centra di studi normarmo-suevi. Universita degli studi di Ban, Rome, 1975), pp. 259-387, at pp. 316-18.

7 Qrderic Vitalis, Historic ecclesiastica 3, ed. Chibnall, 2, p. 94.

8 'Funambuli': Gesta Francorum 9.23, ed. and tr. Rosalind Hill {London, 1962), p. 56; Baudri de Bourgueil, Historia jerosolimitana, RHC, Occ. 4, pp. 1111, at pp. 645.

9 Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 8.3, ed. Chibnall, 4, pp. 138-40.

10 .: Domesday Book, ed. Abraham Parley (2 vols., London, 1783), 1, fol. 269; map in H.C. Darby, Domesday England (Cambridge, 1977), p. 332, fig. Ill; Rees Davies, Conquest, Coexistence and Change: Wales 10631415 (Oxford, 1987), pp. 3031, 823; John Le Pa-tourel, The Norman Empire (Oxford, 1976), pp, 623, 31214.

11 .: Domesday Book 1, fols. 298, 3058, 373; Lewis

C. Loyd, The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families, ed. C,T. Clay and

D. C. Douglas (Harleian Society Publications 103, 1951), p. 99; Menager, 'In-ventaire des families normandes1, p. 346; Red Book of the Exchequer, ed. Hubert Hall (3 vols., RS, 1896), 2, p. 602; Register of the Abbey of St Thomas Dublin, ed. John T. Gilbert (RS, 1889), nos.106, 34950, pp. 92, 3024.

*2 Derek W. Lomax, The Reconquest of Spain {London, 1978),p. 62.

13 Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica, 13,5, ed. Chibnall, 6, p. 404.

14 Reinhold Rohricht, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Kreuzzuge 2: Deutsche Pilger- und Kreuzfahrten nach dem heiligen Lande (7001300) (Berlin, 1878), pp. 297359.

15 Pommersches UB 1: 7861253, ed, Klaus Conrad (2nd ed., Cologne and Vienna, 1970), nos. 213, 485, pp. 2613, 57980.

16 O. Eggert, Geschichte Pommems 1 (Hamburg, 1974), pp. 15060, and also the bibliography cited there, pp. 2634.

17 Schlesisches UB, ed. Heinrich Appelt and Winfried Irgang (4 vols. to date, Graz, Cologne and Vienna, 1963-), 2, no. 346, p. 208 (1248).

18 .: .. McNeill, Anglo-Norman Ulster: The History and Archaeology of an Irish Barony 1177 1400 (Edinburgh, 1980), esp. chapter 1; God-dard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans, 1169 1333 (4 vols., Oxford, 191120) 2, pp. 523, 11418, 134-44; New History of Ireland 2: Medieval Ireland, 1169-1534, ed. Art Cosgrove (Oxford, 1987), pp. 11416, 135.

19 . : RBartlett, 'Colonial Aristocracies of the High Middle Ages', in Robert Bartlett and Angus MacKay (eds.), Medieval Frontier Societies (Oxford, 1989), pp. 2347, at pp. 3141.

20 1201 . .: Annals of Ulster (Armdla Uladh), ed. and tr. William M. Hennessy and Bartholomew MacCarthy (4 vols., Dublin, 1887 1901), 2, pp. 2357; ibid. 2, p. 229.

21 .: William Dugdale, Monasticon Anglicanum, ed. John Caley et al. {6 vols. in 8, London, 1846), 6/2, p. 1125; Gearoid MacNiocaill, 'Cartae Dunenses XII-XIII Cead', Seanchus Ard Mhaca 5/2 (1970), pp. 41828, at p. 420, nos. 45.

22 .: William O'Sullivan, TTie Earliest Anglo-Irish Coinage (Dublin, 1964), pp. 15, 2021; plate 1.

23 .: Roger of Howden, Chronica, ed. William Stubbs (4 vols., RS, 186871), 4, pp. 176 and 25; cf. Jocelyn of Fumess, Vita sancti Patricii, Acta sanctorum Martii 2 (Antwerp, 1668), pp. 54080, at p. 540, who refers to de Courcy as Ulidiae princeps,

24 .: Eberhard Schmidt, Die Mark Brandenburg unter den Askanien (341320) (MF 71, Cologne and Vienna, 1973); Johannes Schultze, Die Mark Brandenburg 1: Entstehung und Entwicklung unter den askanischen Markgrafen (bis 1319) (Berlin, 1961); Hermann Krabbo and Georg Winter, Regesten der Markgrafen von Brandenburg aus Askanischem House (Leipzig, Munich and Berlin, 191055).

25 .: Schultze, Die Mark Brandenburg 1, p. 74.

26 Henry of Antwerp, Tractate de captione urbis Brandenburg, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MGH, SS 25 (Hanover, 1880), pp. 4824, at p. 484.

27 ' principum Saxonie, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MGH, SS 25 (Hanover, 1880), pp. 47280, at p. 478.

2** .: Helcja Cramer, 'Die Herren von Wedel im Lande iiber der Oder: Besitz und Herrschaftsbildung bis 1402', Jahrbuch fur die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands 18 (1969), pp. 63129; 1212 : Hamburgisches UB (4 vols. in 7, Hamburg, 190767} 1, no. 387, pp. 3423. . , , : UB zur Geschichte des schlossgesessenen Geschlechts der Grafen und Herren von Wedel, ed. Heinrich Friedrich Paul von Wedel (4 vols. in 2, Leipzig, 188551),

29 .: Pommersches UB 2 (Stettin,18815, repr. Cologne and Graz, 1970), no. 891, pp. 21819.

3 , 4: Cremzow (Kr^pcowo), Driesen (Drezdenko), Falken-burg (Zlocieniec), Freienwalde (Chociwel), Kiirtow (Korytowo), Markische-Friedland (Miroslawiec), Neuwedel (Drawno), Schivelbein (Swidwin), Ucht-enhagen (Krzywnica); Ihna (Ina), Netze (Notec), Drage (Drawa).

31 .: UB... von Wedel 2/1, no. 3, p. 3 (1272), nos. 78, p. 6 (1281).

32 ibid. no. 113, pp. 656.

33 .: Codex diplomatics Brandenburgensis, ed. Adolph Friedrich Riedel (41 vols., Berlin, 183849), AXV1II, pp. 1513, no. 87 (1388); ibid., pp. 1023, no. 5; ibid., pp. 11112, no. 22; ibid., pp. 21819, no. 9.

34 .: Cramer, 'Die Herren von Wedel', p. 119: 'nahezu landes-herrtiche Stellung'.

35 .: Leopoldo Usseglio, / marches/ di Monfer-rato in Italia ed in oriente durante i secoli XII e XIII, ed. Carlo Patrucco (2 vols., Bibliotheca della societa storica subalpina 100101, Turin, 1926).

36 .: William of Tyre, Chronicle 21.12(13), ed. RB.C. Huygens (2 vols.. Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio mediaevalis 6363A, Turnhout, 1986), 2, p. 978.

37 .: Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr., Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 177 (Ibn al-Athir).

38 peire vidal: Poesie, ed. D'Arco Silvio A valle (2 vols., Milan and Naples, I960), 2, pp. 15961, no. 19 ('Per mielhs sofrir'), lines 4950. at p. 161.

39 ; , , , , , , , /, , , , ( ), , ; ( .. ) , . .

40 .: Marcelin Defoumeaux, Les Francois en Espagne aux Xle et Xlle siecles (Paris, 1949), p. 197, n. 1; Bernard F. Reilly, The Kingdom of Leon-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 10631109 (Princeton, 1988), pp. 194 and ., 2545

41 I , , .

4^ .: Robert of Clan, La conquete de Constantinople 106, ed. Philippe Lauer (Paris, 1924), p. 102.

4^ Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi duds fratris eius 1.11, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum italicarum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928), p. 14, : .: 6:38.

44 Amatus of Montecassino, Storia de' Normanni 2.45, ed. Vincenzo de Bartholomaeis (Fonti per la storia d'Italia 76, Rome, 1935), p. 112.

45 Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions (Oxford, 1980), p. 21.

46 Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 3.37, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 749.

47 Livldndische Reimchronik, lines 612-18, ed. Leo Meyer (Paderbom, 1876), p. 15.

48 . .: Song of Dermot and the Earl, lines 4316, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), p. 34. ( : , ., 1974)

49 . .: Cantor de Mio Cid, line 1213, ed, Ramon Menendez Pidal (rev. ed., 3 vols., Madrid, 19446), 3, p. 945. ( : , ., 1975.)

50 Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.16, ed. Pontieri, p. 17.

51 Georges Duby, The Early Growth of the European Economy (Eng. tr., London, 1974), p. 51.

^2 . 1314.

53 . .: Beowulf, lines 249093, ed. F. Klaeber (3rd ed., Boston, 1950), p. 94. ( : .: - -, . 9, ., 1975, . 249094).

54 Bede, Epistola ad Ecgbertum episcopum, in Charles Plummer (ed.). Opera historica (2 vols., Oxford, 1896) 1, pp. 40523, at pp. 41417.

55 Dudo of Saint-Quentin, De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum 4.83, ed. Jules Lair, Memoires de la Societe des Antiquaires de Nor-mandie, 3rd ser., 3 (Caen, 185865), p. 238.

56 Sachsenspiegel, Lehnrecht, ed. Karl August Eckhardt (Germanenre-chte, n.s.. Gottingen, 1956), passim.

57 Walther von der Vogelweide, Die Lieder, ed. Friedrich Maurer (Munich, 1972), no. 74/11, p. 232 ('Ich han min lehen').

58 Le Patourel, The Norman Empire, p. 303.

59 ibid., p. 290.

60 .: : Werner Hillebrand, Besitz- und Standesverhaltnisse des Osnabriicker Adels bis 1300 (Gottingen, 1962), p. 211; Benjamin Arnold, German Knighthood 10501300 (Oxford, 1985), p. 180; Ha- Leopold Genicot, L'economie rurale namuroise Bos Moyen Age 2: Les hommes la noblesse (Louvain, 1960), p. 140; Edouard Perroy, 'Social Mobility among the French Noblesse in the Later Middle Ages', Pos(and Present 21 (1962), pp. 2538.

61 Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.5, ed. Pontieri, p. 9.

62 Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 3, ed, Chibnall, 2, p. 98.

63 Robert the Monk, Historia Iherosolimitana, RHC, Occ. 3, pp. 717 882, at p. 728.

64 .: Jack Goody, The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe (Cambridge, 1983), p. 44.

65 .: Karl Schmid, 'Zur Problematik von Familie, Sippe und Geschlecht, Haus und Dinastie beim rnittelalterlichen Adel', Zeitschrift fur die Geschichte des Oberrheins 105 (1957), pp. 162; idem, 'The Structure of the Nobility in the Earlier Middle Ages', in Timothy Reuter (ed.). The Medieval Nobility (Amsterdam, etc., 1978), pp. 3759; Georges Duby, 'Lineage, Nobility and Knighthood', in his The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 59 80, at pp. 6875; for an attempt to extend the model to England see James C. Holt, 'Feudal Society and the Family in Early Medieval England', rrons- actions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 32 (1982), pp. 193212; 33 (1983), pp. 193220; 34 (1984), pp. 125; 35 (1985), pp. 128, esp. 32 (1982), pp. 199200; Karl Leyser, 'The German Aristocracy from the Ninth to the Early Twelfth Century: A Historical and Cultural Sketch', Past and Present 41 (1968), pp. 2553, esp. pp. 326, Medieval Germany and its Neighbours (London, 1982), pp. 16189, at pp. 16872; Constance B. Bouchard, 'Family Structure and Family Consciousness among the Aristocracy in the Ninth to the Eleventh Centuries', Francia 14 (1987), pp. 63958.

66 Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980), title of chapter 1.

67 Prawer, Crusader Institutions, p. 24.

68 Glanvill, The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of England commonly called Glanvill ed. and tr. G.D.H. Hall (London, 1965), p. 75.

69 Assise comte Geffroy 1, ed. Marcel Planiol, La tres ancienne cou-twne de Bretagne (Rennes, 1896, repr. Paris and Geneva, 1984), pp. 319 25, at pp. 3212.

70 .: London, British Library, Add. MS 11283, fols. 21v22. .

71 .: Duby, 'Lineage, Nobility and Knighthood', p. 75; idem; "The Structure of Kinship and Nobility1, in his The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 13448, at p. 148; idem. Early Growth of the European Economy, p. 171.

72 Lucien Musset, 'L'aristocratic normande au Xle siecle', in Philippe Contamine (ed.J. La noblesse Age (Paris, 1976), pp. 7196, at p. 95.

73 .: Holt, 'Feudal Society and the Family', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 32 (1982), p. 201.

74 Lorenz Weinrich (ed.), Quellen zur deutsche Verfassungs-,Wirt-schafts- und Sozialgeschichte bis 1250 (AQ 32, Darmstadt, 1977), no. 25, pp. 1068.

75 .: Graham Loud, 'How "Norman" was the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy?', Nottingham Medieval Studies 25 (1981), pp. 1334, at p. 26.

76 Chronicle of Morea, tr. Harold E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors (New York, 1964}, pp. 1258.

77 sirgentes .

78 Hans . Schulze, Adelsherrschaft und Landesherrschaft: Studien zur Verfassungs- und Besitzgeschichte der Altmark, des ostsachsischen Raumes und des hannoverschen Wendlandes im hohen Mittelalter (MF 29, Cologne and Graz, 1963).

79 A.J. Otway-Ruthven, History of Medieval Ireland (2nd ed., London, 1980), pp. 1023; eadem, 'Knight Service in Ireland', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 89 (1959), pp. 115.

80 Song of Dermot, lines 32067, ed. Orpen, p. 232.

81 .: Otway-Ruthven, History of Medieval Ireland, p. 105.

82 .: Joshua Prawer, 'Social Classes in the Latin Kingdom: The Franks', in Kenneth Setton (ed.), A History of the Crusades (Philadelphia and Madison, 6 vols., 195589) 5: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East, ed. Norman Zacour and Harry Hazard, pp. 11792, at p. 135.

83 Frank Stenton, The First Century of English Feudalism 1066 1166 (2nd ed., Oxford, 1961), p. 166.

84 . : Thomas . Keefe, Feudal Assessments and the Political Community under Henry II and His Sons (Berkeley, etc., 1983), pp. 42, 141; Theodore Evergates, 'The Aristocracy of Champagne in the Mid-Thirteenth Century. A Quantitative Description', Journal of Interdisciplinary History 5 (19745), pp. 118; Alan V. Murray, "The Origins of the Prankish Nobility in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 11001118', Mediterranean Historical Review 4/2 (1989), pp. 281300, at pp. 2812; Jean Richard, 'Les listes des seigneuries dans le livre de Jean d'Ibelin', Revue historique de droit fran^ais et etranger 32 (1954), pp. 56577.

85 AJ. Otway-Ruthven, 'Knights' Fees in Kildare, Leix and Offaly', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 91 (1961), pp. 16381, at p. 164, n.10.

86 Catalogus baronum, ed. Evelyn Jamison (Fonti per Ja storia d'ltalia 101, Rome, 1972); see, in general, Claude Cahen, Le regime feodale d'ltalie normande (Paris, 1940).

87 L'estoire d'Eracles empereur et la conqueste de la tare d'Outremer, RHC, Occ, 2, pp. 1481, at pp. 18890 (note); La continuation de Guu-laume de Tyr (11841197) 136, ed. Margaret R. Morgan (Documents relatifs a I'histoire des croisades 14, Paris, 1982), p. 139 (cf/also p. 138); Peter Ed-bury, The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades 11911374 (Cambridge, 1991), chapter 3, 'Settlement'.

88 Barrow, Anglo-Norman Era, pp. 132, 44 and n. 59, 40, 62, 127.

89 Early Scottish Charters prior to 1153, ed. Archibald C. Lawrie (Glasgow, 1905), no. 186, p. 150.

90 Gervase of Tilbury, Otia imperialia 2.10, ed. G.W. Leibnitz, Scriptores rerum brunsvicensium illusi ratio ni inservientes (3 vols., Hanover, 170711) 1, pp. 8811004; 2, pp. 75184; at 1, p. 917, with better readings at 2, p. 772.

91 .: . Schunemann, Die Deutsche in Ungam bis 12. Jahrhun-dert (Berlin, 1923), p. 130.

92 cm,: (Contributions to a) Dictionary of the Irish language (Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, 191376), s.v. Polish and Czech loan words: Perry Anderson, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism (London, 1974), p. 231.

93 .: Cahen, Regime feodale, p. 47.

94 J.F.A Mason, 'Roger de Montgomery and his Sons (10671102)', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 13 (1963), pp. 128, at pp. 612.

95 Murray, 'Origins of the Prankish Nobility', p. 293.

96 Erik Fugedi, 'Das mittelalterliche Konigreich Ungam als Gastland', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.). Die deutsche 'Ostsiedlung ds Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrdge und Forschungen 18, Siqmaringen, 1975), pp. 471507, at pp. 4956.

97 .: Robert I. Bums, Islam under the Crusaders: Colonial Survival in the Thirteenth-Century Kingdom of Valencia (Princeton, 1973), . . 13.

98 .: Barrow, Anglo-Norman Era, pp. 1578.

99 .: Fugedi, 'Das mittelalterliche Konigreich Ungam', pp. 4956.

100 .: William Rees, South Wales and the March 12841415 (Oxford, 1924), pp. 1457; Cahen, Regime feodale, pp. 389, 829; Otway-Rathven, 'Knight Service', pp. 1415.

101 Amatus of Montecassino, Storia de' Nomanm 1-42, ed. de Bartholomaeis, pp, 534.

102 Bemhard Guttmann, 'Die Germanisierung der Slawen in der Mark', Forschungen zur brandenburgischen und preussischen Geschichte 9 (1897), pp. 39 (395)158 (514), at p. 70 (426).

103 Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 3.37, ed. Hagenmeyer, p. 748.

104 Henri Bresc, 'Feodalite coloniale en terre d'Islam: La Sicile (1070 1240)', in Structures feodales et feodalisme dans 1'Occident mediterraneen (XeXIIIe s.) (Paris, 1980), pp. 63147, p. 640.

105 Chronicle of Morea, tr. Lurier, p. 165.

106 .: W.E. Wightman, The Lacy Family in England and Normandy 10661194 (Oxford, 1966).

107 Davies, Conquest, Coexistence and Change, p. 181.

108 .: Bartlett, 'Colonial Aristocracies', pp. 3840.

109 .: Lacarra, nos. 354, 366.

110 Julio Gonzalez, El reino de Castillo en la epoca de Alfonso VIII {3 vols., Madrid, 1960) 3, no. 897, pp. 5678.

111 .: Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 121, pp. 44850; Queden (Klein Queden) is the German Tiefenau and modern Polish Tychnowy.

3

1 Codex iuris Bohemici, ed. Hermenegild Jiricek (5 vols. in 12, Prague, 186798), 2/2, p. 114 (Majestas Carolina 7).

2 The Leiden Book of Maccabees is Leiden, University Library, MS Peri-zoni 17; .: A. Merton, Die Buchmalerei in St Gallen (Leipzig, 1912), plates LVLVII.

3 Frank Stenton et al.. The Bayeux Tapestry (London, 1957); . : Ibid, 'Arms and Armour', pp. 5669.

4 Thietmar of Merseburg, Chronicon 4.12, ed. Werner Trillmich (AQ 9, Darmstadt, 1957), p. 126.

5 Lacarra, no. 238 (c. 1145); Gerald of Wales (Giraldius Cambrensuis), De principis instructione 2.13, in J.S.Brewer, J.F.Dimock and G.F.Wamer (eds.}, Opera (8 vols., RS, 186191) 8, pp, 1834,

6 : 30 ; 4 ; 3 ; 2 ; , , , .. 11 . , ..: J.F. Fino, 'Notes sur la production du fer et la fabrication des armes en France au Moyen Age', Gladius 3 (1964), pp. 4766; RF. Tylecote, Metallurgy in Archaeology (London, 1962), p. 276; H. Nickel et a!.. The Art of Chivalry: European Arms and Armour from the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, 1982); James Mann, Wallace Collection Catalogues: European Arms and Armour (2 vols., London, 1962).

7 .: Indiculus loricatorum, in Constitutiones et acta publica impera-torum et regum 1, ed. Ludwig Weiland (MCH, Hanover, 1893), no. 436, pp. 6323; Karl Ferdinand Werner, 'Heeresorganisation und Kriegfiihrung im Deutschen Konigreich des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts', in Ordinamenti militari in Occidente nell'alto medioevo (Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo 15, 2 vols., Spoleto, 1968) 2, pp. 791-843.

8 Forge production: Fino, 'Notes sur la production du fer'.

9 William Beveridge, Prices and Wages England 1 (London, 1939), pp. xxvxxvi.

10 .: William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi duds Normannorum 1.13, 40, ed. Raymonde Foreville (Paris, 1952), pp. 26, 98; Matthew Paris,

Chronica majora, ed. Henry R Luard (7 vols., RS, 187284), 4, pp. 1356; see in general RH.C. Davis, The Medieval Warhorse (London, 1989).

11 Pierre Chaplais (ed.}. Diplomatic Documents preserved in the Public Record Office 1:11011272 (Oxford, 1964), pp. 14.

12 .: Philippe Contamine, War in the Middle Ages (Eng. tr., Oxford, 1984), p. 670.

13 P. Guilhiermoz, Essai sur 1'origine de la noblesse en France Moyen Age (Paris, 1902); George Duby, "The Origins of Knighthood', The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 15870; idem, 'La diffusion du titre chevaleresque', in Philippe Contamine (ed.). La noblesse Moyen Age (Paris, 1976), pp. 3970; Arno Borst (ed.). Dos Rittertum im Mittelalter (Wege der Forschung 349, Darmstadt, 1976); Leopold Genicot, La noblesse dans /'Occident medieval (London, 1982); Jean Fiori, L'essor de la chevalerie (Geneva, 1986), L'ideologie du glaive: Prehistoire de la chevalerie (Geneva, 1983).

14 William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi 2.29, ed. Foreville, p. 218.

15 .: Davis, The Medieval Warhorse

16 Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Rinerarium Kambriae 1.4, in J.S. Brewer, J.F. Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861 91) 6, pp. 1152, at p. 54.

17 .: Richer, Historiae 2.92; 3.98, 104, ed. R. Latouche, Histoire de France (2 vols., Paris, 193037) \, p. 282; 2, pp. 126, 134; J,F. Fino, Forter- esses de la France medievale (3rd ed., Paris, 1977}, p. 89; Paris BN lat. 12, 302, Haimo of Auxerre's Commentary on Ezekiel.

18 Anna Comnena, Alexiad 10.8.5, ed. B. Leib (3 vols., Paris, 193745), 2, pp. 21718.

19 Conciliorum oecumenicorum decreta, ed. J. Alberigo et al. {3rd ed., Bologna, 1973), p. 203 (canon 29).

20 Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum 2, ed. Ludwig Wetland (MCH, Hanover, 1896), no. 335, p. 445.

21 B. Thordemann, Armour from (he Battle of Wisby 1361 (2 vols., Stockholm, 1939) 1, pp. 1867.

22 Roger of Wendover, Flores historiarum, ed. H.G. Hewlett (3 vols., RS, 1886-9}, 2, pp. 116, 151, 194, 212, 21516; this material was incorporated into Matthew Paris, Chron/ majora, ed. Luard, 2, pp. 5867, 626, 666; 3; pp. 18, 21.

23 E. Audouin, Essai sur 1'armee royale temps de Philippe Auguste (Paris, 1913), pp. 11314.

24 Red Book of the Exchequer, ed. Hubert Hall (3 vols., RS, 1896), 2, pp. 4589, 467; J.H. Round, The King's Serjeants and Officers of State (London, 1911), pp. 1314.

25 Iz'ber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis, ed. H. Markgraf and J.W. Schulte (Codex diplomaticus Silesiae 14, Breslau, 1889), pp. 1415.

26 1215 . 10 . . .: Close Roll 16 John (Pipe Roll Society, n.s., 31, 1955), p. 130; Audouin, Essai, pp. 18797; Contamine, War m the Middle Ages, pp. 712.

27 Hariulf, Gesta ecclesiae Centulensis 4.21, ed. F. Lot, Chronigue de 1'abbaye de Saint-Riquier (Paris, 1894), p. 230.

28 Otto of Freising, Gesta Friderici I impemtoris 1.12, ed. Georg Waitz and Bernhard von Simson (SRC, Hanover and Leipzig, 1912), p. 28.

29 J.P. Bushe-Fox, Old Sarum (London, etc., 1930).

30 G. Fournier, Le peaplement rural en Basse Auvergne durant le haut MoyenAge (Paris, 1962), pp. 32999.

31 Atlas vorgeschichtlicher Befestigimgen in Niedersachsen, ed. A von Opperman and C. Schuchhardt (Hanover, 18881916), pp. 678, fig. 53. Herlingsburg.

32 Karl Wilhelm Struve, 'Die slawischen Burgen in Wagrien', Offa 17 18 (1959-61), pp. 57108, at pp. 61, 99100.

33 . 2: CA Ralegh Radford, 'Later Pre-Conquest Boroughs and their Defences', Medieval Archaeology 14 (1970), pp. 83103; Aggersborg David M. Wilson, 'Danish Kings and England in the Late 10th and Early llth Centuries Economic Implications', in Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies 3 (1980), ed. R. Allen Brown, pp. 18896, at pp. 1923; Struve, 'Die slawischen Burgen', p. 60; W. Getting and G. Grail, Burgen in Oberosterreich (Wels, 1967), p. 317 (figures for Hauptburg); ~ Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 44.

34 Sidney Painter, 'English Castles in the Early Middle Ages: Their Numbers, Location, and Legal Position, Speculum 10 (1935), pp. 32132, at p. 322; C. Warren Hollister, The Military Organization of Norman England (Oxford, 1965), p. 138; Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 46.

35 Lawrence of Durham, Dialogi 1, lines 3678, ed. James Raine (Sur-tees Society 70, 1880 for 1878), p. 11.

36 Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 44. , , , .: A Herrnbrodt, 'Stand der fruhmittelalterlichen Mot-tenforschung im Rheinland', Chateau Gaillard 1 (1964 for 1962), pp. 77 100, at p. 8i; H.W. Heine, 'Ergebnisse und Probleme einer systematischen Aufnahme und Bearbeitung mittelalterlicher Wehranlagen izwischen junger Donau und westlichen Bodensee', ibid. 8 (1976), pp. 12134, at p. 126.

37 Vita Ludovici Grossi regis 24 (Crecy), 19 (Le Puiset), 18 (Mantes), 3, ed. H. Waguet (Paris, 1929), pp. 176, 140, 124, 20.

38 Alpert of Metz, De diversitate temporam 2.2, ed. Hans van Rij and Anna Sapir Abulafia (Amsterdam, i960), pp. 424. novae res .: , Jugurtha 19.1, Catiline 28.4 .. . , : Gallic War 1.9 (see van Rij and Abulafia's edition, p. 125)

39 Bruno, De bello Saxonico liber 16, 27, ed. H.E. Lohmann (MGH, Deut-sches Mittelalter 2, Leipzig, 1937), pp. 22, 31.

40 .: Maurice Beresford, New Towns of the Middle Ages (London, 1967), pp. 172 (fig. 40), 425.

41 Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MGH, SS 30/1 (Hanover, 1896), pp. 490656, at pp. 51821; Hans Patze and Walter

Schlesinger, Geschichte Thuringens 2/1 (MF 48, Cologne and Vienna, 1974), pp. 1013.

42 R.A Brown, H.M. Colvin and AJ. Taylor, The History of the King's Works: The Middle Ages (2 vols., London, 1963) 1, pp. 645, ; 2, pp. 630, 1023, 1029.

43 Michael Prestwich, War, Politics and Finance under Edward I (London, 1972), p. 160.

44 T.F. Tout, 'The Fair of Lincoln and the "Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal'", Collected Papers (3 vols., Manchester, 19324) 2, pp. 191220, at pp. 21820; Lynn White, Medieval Technology and Social Change (Oxford, 1962), p. 102; J.F. Fino, 'Machines de jet medievales', Gladius 10 (1972), pp. 253; D.R. Hill, 'Trebuchets', Viator 4 (1973), pp. 99114.

45 .: Hans R. Hahnloser, VUlard de Honnecourt: Kritische Gesamtaus-gabe des Bauhuttenbuches ms. fr. 19093 der Pariser Nationalbibliothek (2nd ed., Graz, 1972), pp. 15962; The Sketchbook of VUlard de Honnecourt, ed. Theodore Bowie (Bloomington, 1959), plate 61.

46 Annales Pegavienses, ed. George Heinrich Pertz, MGH, SS 16 (Hanover, 1859), pp. 23270, at p. 264.

47 Littere Wallie, ed. John Goronwy Edwards (Cardiff, 1940), no. 3, pp. 78 (Treaty of Woodstock).

48 Katharine Simms, 'Warfare in the Medieval Gaelic Lordships', The Irish Sword 12 (19756), pp. 98108; Peter Harbison, 'Native Irish Arms and Armour m Medieval Gaelic Literature, 11701600', ibid., pp. 17399, 27084. 1188 : .: Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Topographic Hibemica 3.10, in J.S. Brewer, J.F. Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 186191) 5, pp. 1204, at p. 150.

49 Herbord, Dialogus de vita sancti Ottonis episcopi Babenbergensis 2.23, ed. Jan Wikarjak and Kazimierz Liman, MPH, n.s., 7/3 (Warsaw, 1974), pp. 1012.

50 Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century (Oxford, 1992).

51 Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr., Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 58 (Ibn al-Qalanisi).

52 Elena Lourie, 'A Society Organized for War: Medieval Spain', Past and Present 35 (1966), pp. 5476, at p. 69.

53 Ambroise, L'estone de la guerre sainte, lines 681618, ed. Gaston Paris (Paris, 1897), col. 182.

54 Julio Gonzalez, El reino de Castillo en la epoca de Alfonso VIII (3 vols., Madrid, 1960) 3, no. 705, pp. 2479 (1201); Emilio Saez (ed.), 'Fueros de Puebla de Alcocer Yebenes', Anuario de bistorta del derecho espanol 18 (1947), pp. 43241, at p. 435; Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Castillo la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 19756) 2, p. 350, n. 169.

55 Fulcher of Chartres, Historic Hierosolymitana 1.34, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 342.

56 Chronicon Livoniae 1.5-9, 9.3, 15.3, 10.8, 15.3, 10.12, 23.8, 14.11, 10.12, 26.3, 27.3, 28.3;, 11.8, 12.1, 27.3, 28.3, ed. Leonid Arbusow and Albert

Bauer ( 24, Darmstadt, 1959), pp. 46, 38, 134, 54, 132, 58, 242, 126, 60, 282, 298, 304, 80, 84, 296, 304. Uxkiill, Mesoten, Fellin, Oesel Warbole IkSkile, Meiotne, VHjandi, Saaremaa Varbola.

57 Gesta Stephani, ed. K.R. Potter and R.H.C. Davis (Oxford, 1976), p. 14.

58 Brut Tywysogyon, The Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest Version, ed. and tr. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1955), pp. 713.

59 Giolla Brighde Mac Con Midhe, Poems, ed. and tr. N.JA Williams (Irish Texts Society 51, Dublin, 1980) XIII, 20, p. 141.

60 Annals of Loch Ѹ, ed. and tr. William M. Hennessy (2 vols., RS, 1871), 1, p. 389.

61 History of Gruffydd ap Cynan, ed. and tr. Arthur Jones (Manchester, 1910), p. 133.

62 Brut Tywysogyon, ed. Jones, pp. 175, 177; Gerald of Wales, Itinerar-ium Kambriae, 2.6, ed. Brewer et al., p. 123; Richard A vent, Cestyll Tywysogion Gwynedd / Castles of the Princes of Gwynedd (Cardiff, 1983), p. 7.

63 Song of Dermot and the Earl, 66670, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), p. 50.

64 Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Descriptio Kambriae 2.8, in J.S. Brewer, J.F, Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861 91) 6, pp. 153227, at pp. 22021; idem, Expugnatio Hibemica 2.38, ed. AB. Scott and F.X. Martin (Dublin, 1978), pp. 2468; John of Salisbury, Policmticus 6.6, 16, ed. C.C.J. Webb (2 vols., Oxford, 1909), 2, pp. 18, 42 4; Callus Anonymus, Chronicon 1.25; 3.23, ed. K. Maleczynski, MPH, n.s., 2 (Cracow, 1952), pp. 50, 152.

65 Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. Luard, 5, p. 550.

66 Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882-5), 2, pp. 3283, at pp. 1912.

67 Turgot, Vita sancti Margaretae reginae, ed. James Raine in Symeonis Dunelmensis opera et collectanea 1, ed. J. Hodgson Hinde (Surtees Society 51, 1868), pp. 23454, at p. 247.

68 Symeon of Durham (attrib.). De miraculis et translationibus sancti Cuthberti 10, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882-5), 1, pp. 22961; 2, pp. 33362, at 2, p. 339.

69 Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, ed. Arnold, 2, p. 190.

70 Aelred of Rievaulx, De sanctis ecclestae Haugustaldensis, ed. James Raine in The Priory of Hexham (2 vols., Surtees Society 44, 46, 18645) 1, pp. 172203, at p. 178; cf. Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, ed. Arnold, 2, pp. 367.

71 Symeon of Durham, De miraculis... sancti Cuthberti 10, ed. Arnold, 2, p. 339.

72 Gerald of Wales, Topographic Hibemica 2.54, ed. Brewer et al,, p. 137; C.L. Salch, 'La protection symbolique de la porte au Moyen Age dans les chateaux-forts alsaciens', in Hommage d Genevieve Chewier et Alain Ceslan: Etudes medievales (Strasbourg, 1975), pp. 3944.

73 Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, ed. Arnold, 2, pp. 199200; ibid., p. 211; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, s.a, 1092, ed. C. Plummer and J. Earle, Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel (2 vols., Oxford, 18929) 1, p. 227; Symeon of Durham's continuator, Historia Dunelmensis ecclesiae, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 18825), 1, pp. 13560, at 1, p. 140.

74 Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980); idem. Kingship and Unity: Scotland 10001306 (London, 1981), chapter 3; AAM. Duncan, Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom (Edinburgh, 1975), chapters 68; RL.G. Ritchie, TTie Normans m Scotland (Edinburgh,

1954).

75 Early Scottish Charters prior to 53, ed. Archibald C. Lawrie (Glasgow, 1905), no. 54, pp. 489.

76 ]ohn of Hexham, Historia, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 18825), 2, pp. 284332, at p. 290.

77 Richard of Hexham, Historia, ed. Richard Hewlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard 1 (4 vols., RS, 18849) 3, pp, 13778,at pp. 1567.

78 Aelred of Rievaulx, Relatio de Standardo, ed, Hewlett, ibid., pp. 17999, at pp. 1878.

79 ,: Richard of Hexham, Historia, ed. Hewlett, p. 157; John of Hexham, Historia, ed. Arnold, p. 291.

80 John of Hexham, Historia, ed. Arnold, p. 289,

81 Richard of Hexham, Historia, ed. Arnold, p. 145.

82 Aelred of Rievaulx, Relatio, ed. Hewlett, pp. 18998. : Henry of Huntingdon, Historia An-glorum, ed. Thomas Arnold (RS, 1879), p. 263.

83 Jordan Fantosme, Chronicle, 640-41, 266, 1242-9, 1766, 1828, 1858-67, ed, and tr. R.C. Johnston (Oxford, 1981), pp. 48, 20, 924, 132, 136,

138.

84 William of Newburgh, Historia rerum Anglicanim 2.33, ed. Richard Hewlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard 1 (4 vols., RS, 18849) 12, at 1, p. 184.

85 .: Gesfa regis Heruici secundi Benedicii abbatis, ed. William Stubbs (2 vols., RS, 1867), 1, pp. 678.

86 .: Annals of Furess, ed. Richard Howlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I (4 vols., RS, 18849) 2, pp. 503 83,'at pp. 57071.

87 Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum 13.9.6, ed. J, Olrik and H. Raeder (2 vols., Copenhagen, 1931-57), 1, pp. 3612; . . : Saxo, Danorum regum heroumaue historia, Books X XVI (3 vols., British Archaeological Reports, International Series 84, 118/12, Oxford, 198081) 1, pp. 3223, n. 84; Annales Erphesfurdenses Lothariani, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, Monumenta Erphesfurtensia (SRC, Hanover and Leipzig, 1899), pp. 3444, at p. 40. . : Lucien Musset, 'Problemes militaires du monde scandinave (VileXlle s.)', in Ordinamenti militari in Occidente nell'alto medioevo (Settimane di studio del Centra italiano di

studi sull'alto medioevo 15, 2 vols., Spoleto, 1968) 1, pp. 22991, at pp. 28890.

88 .: S.U. Palme, 'Les impots, le Statut d'Alsno et la formation des or-dres en Suede (12501350)', in R Mousnier (ed.), Problemes de stratification sociale (Paris, 1968), pp. 5566.

89 Karl Barteis, Deutsche Krieger in polnischen Diensten von Misika I. bis Kasimir dem Grossen, c. 9631370 (Berlin, 1922); K. Schunemann, Die Deutsche in Ungam bis zum 12. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1923); Benedykt Zien-tara, 'Die deutschen Einwanderer in Polen vom 12. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.), Die deutsche Ostsiedlung des Mittelalters als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sig-maringen, 1975), pp. 33348. He ; .: . Gockenjan, Hilfsvolker und Grenzwachter in mittelalterlichen Ungam (Wiesbaden, 1972).

90 Libellus de institutione morum, ed. J. Balogh, Scriptores rerum Hun-garicarum 2 (Budapest, 1938), pp. 61127, at p. 625.

4

1 Eleanor Knott, Irish Classical Poetry (Irish Life and Culture 6, Dublin, 1957), p. 59, . Maol Seachluinn Huiginn.

2 Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comi-tis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum itali-carum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928); William of Apulia, La geste de Robert Cuiscard, ed. Marguerite Mathieu (Palermo, 1961); Amatus of Mon-tecassino, Storia de' Normanni, ed. Vincenzo de Bartholomaeis (Fonti per la storia d'Ralia 76, Rome, 1935).

3 De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.3, 7, 12, 38; 2.35; 3.13, 24, ed. Pontieri, pp. 9, 11, 14, 24, 46, 64, 71; see Ovidio Capitani, 'Specific Motivations and Continuing Themes in the Norman Chronicles of Southern Italy in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries', in The Normans in Sicily and Southern Italy (Lincei Lectures 1974) (Oxford, 1977), pp. 146, at pp. 7, 3033, n. 15.

4 De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.9, ed. Pontieri, p. 13. Amatus, Storia de' Normanni 1.23; 2.17; 1.43; 2.8; 2.21; 2.22, ed. de Bartholomaeis, pp. 30, 75, 54 5, 67, 80, 83.

5 William of Apulia, La geste 3, lines 1012, ed. Mathieu, p. 168.

6 Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.7, ed. Pontieri, p. 11.

7 William of Apulia, La geste 3, line 217, ed. Mathieu, p. 176; cf. 1, line 320, p. 116.

8 ibid. 2, lines 4278, ed. Mathieu, p. 154.

9 Malaterra, De rebus gresfis Rogerii 1.9, ed. Pontieri, p. 12.

10 ibid. 2.42, ed. Pontieri, p. 50.

11 William of Apulia, La geste 2, lines 3239, ed. Mathieu, p. 150.

12 ibid. 2, line 383, ed. Mathieu, p. 152.

13 Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 3.24, ed. Pontieri, p. 71.

14 Amatus, Storia de' Normanni 1.2, ed. de Bartholomaeis, pp. 1011.

15 Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.3, ed. Pontieri, p. 8.

16 ibid. 2.38; 3.7, ed. Pontieri, pp. 48, 60.

17 De expugnafione Lyxbonensi; The Conquest of Lisbon, ed. and tr. Charles W. David (New York, 1936), p. 98; Hervey de Glanville's speech: ibid., pp. 1067.

18 ibid., p. 120.

19 Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 11.24, ed. Chibnall 6, p. 102.

20 Amatus, Storia de' Normanni 1.21; 2.17, ed, de Bartholomaeis, pp. 27, 75.

21 Anna Comnena, Alexiad 10.5.4; 10.5.10; 10.6.4; 11.6.3 ed. B. Leib (3vols., Paris, 193745), 2, pp. 2067, 210, 211; 3, p. 28.

22 Francesco Gabrieli {ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr., Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 73.

23 Anna Comnena, Alexiad 10.5.10; 4.8.2; 13.10.5; 14.2.4, ed. Leib, 2, p. 209; 1, p. 167; 3, pp. 123, 147.

24 Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.17, ed. Pontieri, p. 17.

25 Michael Attaleiates, Historic, ed. Immanuel Bekker (Corpus scrip-torum historiae Byzantinae 50, Bonn, 1853), p. 107.

26 Memoirs of Usamah Ibn-Munqidh, tr. Philip K. Hitti (New York, 1929), p. 161.

27 Aelred of Rievaulx, Relatio de Standardo, ed. Richard Hewlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry and Richard I (4 vols., RS, 18849) 3, pp. 17999, at p, 185.

28 Deusdedit, Collectio canonum 3.284-5 (156-7), ed. Victor Wolf von Glanvell, Die Kanonessammlwig des Kardinals Deusdedit (Paderbom, 1905), p. 393; Le liber censuum de 1'eglise romaine, ed. Paul Fabre et al. (3 vols., Paris, 18891910), 1, pp. 4212, nos. 1623.

29 Coleccion de documentes inedites del archiva general de la Corona de 4, ed. Prospero de Bofarull Mascar6 (Barcelona, 1849), no. 62, pp. 16874.

30 Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Knights of St. John in Jerusalem and Cyprus c. 10501310 (London, 1967), pp. 667.

31 Coleccion de documentos... de la Corona de Aragon 4, ed. de Bofarull Mascaro, no. 43, pp. 939; Cartulaire general de 1'ordre du Temple, ed. Marguis d'Albon (Paris, 1913), no. 314, pp. 2045.

32 Lacarra, no. 94 (108694).

33 . .: Henry of Livonia, Chronicon Ii'voniae 11,3, ed. Leonid Arbusow and Albert Bauer (AQ 24, Darmstadt, 1959), pp. 6870. ( . : . . ., 1938, 608.)

34 William of Poitiers, Ges(a Guillelmi ducis Normannonun 2.5, ed. Ray-monde Foreville (Paris, 1952), p. 158.

35 Rotuli chartarum in turri Londinensi asservati (1199 1216), ed, T.D. Hardy (London, 1837), p. 66 (1200); Calendar of the Patent Rolls (1258-66) (London, 1910), p. 674 (1266); Rees Davies, Domination and Conquest: The Experience of Ireland, Scotland and Wales 11001300 (Cambridge, 1990), p. 36.

36 Rotuli chartarum... (11991216), pp. 21819 (1215).

37 Register of the Abbey of St Thomas Dublin, ed. John T. Gilbert (RS, 1889), no. 44, pp. 423 (120317).

38 Irish Cartularies of Llanthony Prima and Secunda, ed. Eric StJohn Brooks (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 1953), no. 75, pp. 878 (c. 118191).

39 Amatus, Staria de' Normanni 2.29, ed. de Bartholomaeis, p. 94.

40 Malaterra, De rebus gestii Rogerii 1.29, ed. Pontieri, p. 22.

41 Amatus, Storia de' Normanni 5.1-2, ed. de Bartholomaeis p. 223.

42 William of Apulia, La geste, prologue, lines 25, ed. Mathieu, p. 98.

43 Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 1.29, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 305.

44 William of Tyre, Chronicle 20.14, ed. RB.C. Huygens (2 vols., Co/pus Christianorum, Continuatio mediaevalis 6363 Turnhout, 1986), 2, p. 927.

45 Henry of Antwerp, Tractatus de captione urbis Brandenburg, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MCH, SS 25 (Hanover, 1880), pp. 4824, at p. 484.

46 Primera cronica general de Espana 1125, ed. Ramon Menendez Pidal (2 vols., Madrid, 1955),"2, p. 767.

47 Calendar of the Justiciary Rolls... of Ireland (12951303), ed. James Mills (Dublin, 1905), pp. 2812.

48 Chartularies of St Mary's Abbey Dublin, ed. John T. Gilbert (2 vols., RS, 1884), 1, no. 254, pp. 2757.

49 Chronicle of Morea, tr. Harold E, Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors (New York, 1964), p. 171 and n. 40; Chronique de Moree 241, ed. Jean Longnon (Paris, 1911), p. 87; les assises de Romanie 71, 90, 95, 98, ed. Georges Recoura (Paris, 1930), pp. 210, 220, 2223, 224.

50 Les assises, ed. Recoura, editorial comment at p. 40.

51 Chronicle of Morea, tr. Lurier, p. 196.

52 Walter of Guisborough, Chronicle, ed. Harry Rothwell (Camden 3rd sen, 89, 1957), p. 216.

53 Placitorum abbreviatio (Record Commission, London, 1811), p. 201.

^ Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana, 1.29, ed. Hagenmeyer, p. 304.

55 Usamah, tr. Hitti, An Arab-Syrian Gentleman, p. 178; cf. Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions (Oxford, 1980), pp. 2534, n. 11.

^ Richard Butler, Some Notices of the Castle and of the Ecclesiastical Buildings of Trim (Trim, 1835), pp. 2523; Lacarra, nos. 5, 123, 134; Giorgio Fedalto, La Chiesa Latina in Oriente (2nd ed., 3 vols., Verona, 1981) 1, pp. 3889.

57 Coleccidn de documentes... de la Corona de Aragon 4, ed. de Bo-farull , . 62, p. 169.

58 Eric St J. Brooks, 'A Charter of John de Courcy to the Abbey of Navan', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 63 (1933), pp. 3845, at p. 39.

59 Dignitas decani, ed. Newport B. White (Dublin, 1957), no. Ill, pp. 11213 (= Crede mihi, ed. John T. Gilbert (Dublin, 1897), no. 74, p. 67).

60 Calendar of the Charter Rolls, 12261516 (6 vols., London, 190327} 1, pp. 23031.

61 Reports of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records of Ireland 155 (Dublin, 18691923), 20, no. 130, pp. 578.

62 William Dugdale, Monasticon Anglicanwn, ed. John Caley et al. (6 vols. in 8, London, 1846), 6/2, p. 1131, calendared in Calendar of the Patent Rolls (135861) (London, 1911), p. 488.

63 Close Rolls of the Reign of Henry III (125456) (London, 1931), p. 413.

64 Geoffrey Hand, 'English Law in Ireland, 11721351', Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 23 (1972), pp. 393422, p. 401, PRO S.C. 1/23, no. 85; Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland (11711307), ed. H.S. Sweetman (5 vols., London, 187586), 2, pp. 2812, no. 1482 (1278).

65 Registrum vulgariter nuncupatum 'The Record of Caernarvon', ed. Henry Ellis (Record Commission, London. 1838), p. 149.

66 Mecklenburgisches UB (25 vols. in 26, Schwerin and Leipzig, 1863 1977) 3, no. 1781, p. 164.

67 Robert of Clari, La conquete de Constantinople 1, ed. Philippe Lauer (Paris, 1924), p. 1.

68 . .: Villehardouin, Geoffrey de, La conquete de Constantinople, ed. Edmond Faral (2nd ed., 2 vols., Paris, 1961). ( . : . . . ., 1993, 290 .)

69 Les gestes des Chiprois, ed. Gaston Raynaud (Publications de la Societe de 1'Orient latin. Serie historigue 5, Geneva, 1887), pp. 5, 9, 17, 52; RHC, Occ. 2, p. xiii; . : M.R. Morgan, The Chronicle of Emoul and the Continuations of William of Tyre (Oxford, 1973).

70 Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Itinerarium Kombriae 1.12, in J.S. Brewer, J.F. Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861 91) 6, pp. 1152, at p. 91.

71 Gerald of Wales, Expugnatio Hibemica 2.10, ed. A.B. Scott and F.X. Martin (Dublin, 1978), p. 156.

72 Song of Dermot and the Earl, lines 6445, 485, 1763, 407, 456, 820 23, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), pp. 48, 36, 130, 32, 34, 62. . : J. Long, 'Dermot and the Earl: Who Wrote the Song?', Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 75C (1975), pp. 26372.

73 . .: Henry of Livonia, Chronicon Livoniae 10.15, ed. Ar-busow and Bauer, p. 66. ( . : . . ., 1938.)

74 ibid.

75 Livlandische Reimchromk, ed. Leo Meyer (Paderborn, 1876); cm. : Lutz Mackensen, 'Zur livlandischen Rermchromk' Zur deutschen Literatur Altlivlands (Wurzburg, 1961), pp. 2158; Eric Christiansen, The Northern Crusades (London, 1980), pp. 91-3.

76 Song of Dermot, lines 125, 13641, 2823, 201, 1409, 308699, ed. Orpen, pp. 10, 12, 22, 16 and 104, 2245.

77 Ibid., p. 303 (editorial note).

78 Expugnatio Hibemica 2.10, ed. Scott and Martin, p. 15





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