() (. Structural approach, . 35), , - , . (structures), , (sentence patterns). , , , , , .
. , , (Ellis 1993b).
Task-based syllabus / Procedural syllabus
, , . (. Task, . 123), , .
, , . , : , ; ; ; , , . , . .
, (. Task-based learning, . 61) , .
2.5. Forms of syllabus organisation
Linear syllabus
, , .
Modular syllabus
, . , . , , .
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. : (General English), (English for Specific Purposes ESP), (Business English), , . ., (project work) . , (, British and American Studies).
Spiral syllabus / Cyclical syllabus
, . .
3. Teaching language skills
, (skills) . , , . XX . , , , , .
.. , 50- .
, 1970- , , .. , - .. .. . .
, , , . . ( 1991, . 74). , ( ) : , , . , , , . , . , . .
, , . , , , , . , . , , :
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.
, . , , , , , .
.
, , , , .
: 1) -, 2) -, 3) - ( 1986, . 29).
, . , . . , ( 1991, . 94).
, , : , , , , , , , , .
, . , (, , - ) , () ( 1969, 1997; - 1977; 1985; 1988; 1985; 1991; , 1993; 1999; 1999).
skills. habit, 5060- , . , , , , . , , ( , , , , ) .
, , (). . . , -, .
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, , , .
3.1. General concepts
Skills
skills , .
1. skills , , : reading , listening , speaking , writing .
total skills (Littlewood 1994, p. 17), macro-skills global skills (Wilberg 1996, p. 23; Rost 1993, p. 151).
2. skills , . , , , sub-skills, part skills, component skills, micro-skills, enabling skills.
, . skimming, scanning, summarizing, note-taking, skim listening, academic listening, interactional skills, transactional skills. : Speaking is an example of a complex cognitive skill which can be differentiated into various hierarchical sub-skills, some of which might require controlled processing while others could be processed automatically (O'Malley and Chamot 1995, pp. 66-67).
sub-skills, part skills , . , , . . (Munby 1978; Richards 1987, .167-168; Hughes 1993, pp. 116-117; Rost 1993; Richards 1994a, pp. 198-199; 1987). () , , ().
, . . , , , , . , ,
3. skills linguistic skills, accuracy skills, linguistic contributory skills (Weir 1993, p. 73), motor-perceptive skills (Bygate 1993, p. 5) , , . linguistic competence. - , , grammatical and lexical low-level operations, grammatical and lexical abilities underlying skills. automaticity (Silberstein 1987, p. 32; Grabe 1993, p. 59), . , , teaching pronunciation, teaching vocabulary, teaching grammar.
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Integrated skills
(, , ) . (. Integrated approach, . 37; Summarizing, . 114).
Receptive skills
. (listening) (reading). , ( ). .
. . , , , , , , , , , . .
, , : (. Top-down reading, top-down listening, . 92; Bottom-up reading, bottom-up listening, c. 93) . , , , : .
, , , , , . , , . , , - , .
, , (. Authentic materials, . 167).
.: Silberstein 1987, . 32; Anderson and Lynch 1993; Rost 1994, p. 94; Paran 1996; Field 1999; 1989, . 42.