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Structural syllabus / Grammatical syllabus / Language-centred syllabus




 

() (. Structural approach, . 35), , - , . (structures), , (sentence patterns). , , , , , .

. , , (Ellis 1993b).

 

Task-based syllabus / Procedural syllabus

 

, , . (. Task, . 123), , .

, , . , : , ; ; ; , , . , . .

, (. Task-based learning, . 61) , .

 

2.5. Forms of syllabus organisation

 

Linear syllabus

 

, , .

 

Modular syllabus

 

, . , . , , .

. : (General English), (English for Specific Purposes ESP), (Business English), , . ., (project work) . , (, British and American Studies).

 

Spiral syllabus / Cyclical syllabus

 

, . .

 

3. Teaching language skills

 

 

, (skills) . , , . XX . , , , , .

.. , 50- .

, 1970- , , .. , - .. .. . .

, , , . . ( 1991, . 74). , ( ) : , , . , , , . , . , . .

, , . , , , , . , . , , :

.

, . , , , , , .

.

, , , , .

: 1) -, 2) -, 3) - ( 1986, . 29).

, . , . . , ( 1991, . 94).

, , : , , , , , , , , .

, . , (, , - ) , () ( 1969, 1997; - 1977; 1985; 1988; 1985; 1991; , 1993; 1999; 1999).

skills. habit, 5060- , . , , , , . , , ( , , , , ) .

, , (). . . , -, .

, , , .

 

3.1. General concepts

 

Skills

 

skills , .

1. skills , , : reading , listening , speaking , writing .

total skills (Littlewood 1994, p. 17), macro-skills global skills (Wilberg 1996, p. 23; Rost 1993, p. 151).

2. skills , . , , , sub-skills, part skills, component skills, micro-skills, enabling skills.

, . skimming, scanning, summarizing, note-taking, skim listening, academic listening, interactional skills, transactional skills. : Speaking is an example of a complex cognitive skill which can be differentiated into various hierarchical sub-skills, some of which might require controlled processing while others could be processed automatically (O'Malley and Chamot 1995, pp. 66-67).

sub-skills, part skills , . , , . . (Munby 1978; Richards 1987, .167-168; Hughes 1993, pp. 116-117; Rost 1993; Richards 1994a, pp. 198-199; 1987). () , , ().

, . . , , , , . , ,

3. skills linguistic skills, accuracy skills, linguistic contributory skills (Weir 1993, p. 73), motor-perceptive skills (Bygate 1993, p. 5) , , . linguistic competence. - , , grammatical and lexical low-level operations, grammatical and lexical abilities underlying skills. automaticity (Silberstein 1987, p. 32; Grabe 1993, p. 59), . , , teaching pronunciation, teaching vocabulary, teaching grammar.

 

Integrated skills

 

(, , ) . (. Integrated approach, . 37; Summarizing, . 114).

 

Receptive skills

 

. (listening) (reading). , ( ). .

. . , , , , , , , , , . .

, , : (. Top-down reading, top-down listening, . 92; Bottom-up reading, bottom-up listening, c. 93) . , , , : .

, , , , , . , , . , , - , .

, , (. Authentic materials, . 167).

.: Silberstein 1987, . 32; Anderson and Lynch 1993; Rost 1994, p. 94; Paran 1996; Field 1999; 1989, . 42.

 





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