, : , , , , , , , , .
course design syllabus design , , syllabus design , , , , , .
.: Munby 1978; Yalden 1995; Dubin and Olshtain 1996.
Syllabus
, ; (. Curriculum, . 65). , . : , , ..
, , : , , . - .
, , , . , , .
(. of syllabus, . 82), , .
, , , . :
basic level , , ,
policy level , ,
practical action level (Stern 1992 pp. 23-39).
, . , , , , , .
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, . , , , , (. Negotiated syllabus, . 83).
(Johnson 1982; Yalden 1987, 1995; Nunan 1994) , :
(. Aims, . 73; Objectives, . 74);
, , - (. Content, . 77);
, , (. . 4);
(. Objectives, . 74; Graded objectives, . 76);
, (. . 6);
.
(. Threshold level, . 70), .
Syllabus design
- , .
(. Approach to syllabus design, . 79), . (syllabus designers), , , .
(Nunan 1994, . 5). . . , , . - , , .
Threshold level
1. - , . .
2. (Van Ek and Trim 1998a) , , . , , .
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: General characterisation ( ), Extended characterisation ( ), Specification (). .
. , : .
, . , : () () , , ...
, . :
(functions) , , , , ; , ; -, ..;
(general notions) (temporal), (spatial), (qualitative), (quantitative) ;
(specific notions) 14 , , , , ;
(, , ).
Specification , , , .
, , , , . , Waystage (Van Ek and Trim 1998b).
, , .
, , , (, 1998).
Subject
, . , , .
Language Pedagogy English Language Teaching (ELT). , , , , , , : Syllabus Design, Second Language Acquisition, ELT Methods and Approaches.
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, , , , . , Discourse Analysis, , , , , , .
Unit
1. , . , , (lesson) , , .
2 (teaching unit / learning unit) , . , , , . . , , - .
, . , , . , , , , ( , , , ..).
, (, , , , ..), ( , , ..).
, , , , , (. Data-driven learning, . 59; Consciousness-raising approach, . 57). , , . , , , , , .
2.2. Syllabus design procedures
Needs analysis
, ( ) . needs analysis . , , , (, , ..) , . , , , . : , , , , .. , , , , .
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- : , , .
Aims
. (. Teaching, . 155; Learning, . 157) ( , , , , , ..) . , .
, , . , . , , . , . , , .
(), , , , , (. Negotiated syllabus, . 83).
, , (. Needs analysis, . 72). , , , , , . , . , , , , .
, , : cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains.
, - , , . (. Humanistic approach, . 28) , (. Classroom interaction, . 171).
. , , , , . , , .
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, . (. Communicative approach, . 29) . ( 1986, . 16), , , .
, . , . (. Objectives, . 74).
, . , , .
Objectives
, , . . . , .
, (real-world objectives), , (pedagogic objectives).
: , , , , , real-world objective; , , pedagogic objective (Nunan 1994, p. 70).
, , , . , : , 2% , . , , : , 2% , .