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, . 2, , . , , " ", . . . , , "". .

, , . , , , . ? , , - . , . , .. -, .

.. : It was Friday. So they will soon go out and get drunk.

, , .

1 . .. . . 146. 106

 

, , , . : , . .

, " ", . , - .

, , , , , .

, , .

With the advent of perestroika official

. writers grew confused.

, , , .

.

- Slavophiles idealized life in Russia be-

, - fore Tsar Peter the Great, but not the

. "oprichnina", special administrative elite

under Tsar Ivan the Terrible.

"" , , . "".

, , :... a sort (kind, variety) of..., roughly the same as..., this includes..., the (Russian) equivalent (version) of..., in England (the USA) this would be..."'.

, . , .

1 .. . . 35.

7*

 

- The elite echelon Official Writers, re-

KO - ferred to as literary "Nomenclature", often

. speculated on forbidden or semiforbidden

themes.

.

On the lips of a former front-line sol-

. dier this comparison was a pretty sharp accusation.

"" " , ". "front-line soldier".

, . , , . , , . , . , , . , , . , , , . 1. , .

The kids of those days had their own

"" , "privilege" they could hang on outside. "".

- "", .. (. coupling rod), . . : "" . .

 

 

The present video market in this coun-

try is made up of a fantastic network of

( ). mutual exchanges, sometimes even four-

way swaps.

, , " " . , , -, . , . , , .. : " " " ".

, , - Taking in crops, processing and storing

- grain has always been the prime concern of

, peasants, which incidentally kept them

. busy from fall to spring.

"", "", "" "thrashing barn", "thrashing floor" "granary". , . , .. , , . .: "" , (crops are taken in), "" , (grain is processed) "" , (grain is stored).

, , , , () , , , .. . , , . , , .. , , . , . .

- Not all artistic intellectuals or scientists

participate in this fighting,

.

" " " " "artistic intellectuals" "scholars". , , , . , .

, 2.

 

/

/-

/

, ,

 

cultural wealth, treasure, masterpiece, material wealth, set of values, personal values, morals and ethics.

the conditions necessary for, smth is conditional on/depends on.

pattern, system, logical/natural development.

differences, conflict/clash of interests, antagonisms, disagreements.

slump, recession, depression, hard times, emergency, critical/crucial situation, difficulties.

(material and technical) supply, facilities, area, capacities, foundation, the means, (be technically) prepared, rooted in, based on.

most people, the millions, the majority, if "masses" then without "broad" or "popular", the public, people, everyone.

industrial, office and farm workers, fanners, intellectual force (of the land), professionals, artistic intellectuals.

we at our plant, the staff, the plant, our institute, our laboratory, our class (at school), group; body, associates, company, (my) co-workers, mates, colleagues (and I).

 

1 . . . . . 3031.

2 .. . . 31.

 

. , , . . , .

, . " ", . , , . , .. , , .

- When the tram was crowded the conductor

, could flip up his seat and carry on with his work

"" . standing up to make more room.

, . , , (to make more room).

They must make sure that their employees have

, . the incentive to do their job properly and to

keep their finger on the pulse ofjuture trends.

"" "" , , . ("incentives" "search") . , , : "" , "" , (: "incentive to do their job properly" "to keep their finger on the pulse of future trends").

, , , . .

70- In the 70s, Village Prose flourished, as

, , leading village writers, Victor Astafiev,

- Vasily Belov and Valentin Rasputin, suc-

- ceeded in establishing a more or less inde-

HO, . pendent school under the banner of

"patriotism".

, . "" . "school" "leading village writers".

, , , , . , , , . .

- - At last remote places, and as the lyrics

- of a popular song go this is a vast land, will

. not have to wait two years or more for new

films to arrive on their screens.

" " , .

1. ' ' ' '?

2. ""?

3. ' " ?

 

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53.

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8. .

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56.

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4. "", 3040- .

5. : , " "! "", .

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60.

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