- . . 1.14 , RV , . I, x, R RV. UV
x, .1.14. Δ. Δ :
U = x RV / (R + RV), Δ= U x = x R /(R + RV),
Δ≈ U R / RV,δ ≈ R / RV ´100.
(. 1.15).
.1.15. .1.16.
, RA, .
R , ,, R (R << R ), , R RA. I R :
I = E /(R + RA); I = E / R .
(I I ) Δ . :
Δ = I I ≈ ERA / R 2;
δ ≈ RA / R ´100.
. , , . ( ) Z , R (. 1.16), .
:
Δ = U U ; Δ ≈ R U / Z ;δ ≈ R / Z ´100.
, Z , . . R . Z , .
, ( ) ( ) R Z .
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