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, -, , - , . ,. , . -, , , ( ) . , , language, : The whole body of words and the methods of combination of words used by a nation, people, or race...; words and the methods of combining them for the expression of thought (The Oxford English Dictionary, 1933, vol. VI, c. 57). -, . . -, . , .

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2. ( ) . (., , ). , , , . , . . , : ; , , , , , [, 1977, . 115116].

, IV . . . , : . . , , . , ( ) , ; , , , .

.... , , , , , . ... , , , -, - . - , ... - : ,... ... [ , 1936, . 58].

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, , , , . , , , : Duae res longe sunt difficillimae lexicon scribere et grammaticam ( ).

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, , . , , . , : , ( . .) , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , , , [, 1905, . 232].

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, 30- . , , , . . . - , . . ( ), , ( ) [1957].

. . . . . : ... , , , : , , . . , [ , 1963, . 123].

. .: ... , , , (), (, , ..), ( ) [ , 1971, . 5].

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3. , . - , , , , .

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- . , , , . ( , ) , ( ). , X. , , , , , , [, 1969, . 141]. , , , [ , . 143].

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. : "What did he do that for?" inquired Mr. Pickwick, abruptly; for he was considerably startled by this tragical termination of the narrative. "Wot did he do it for, sir?" reiterated Sam...

, , , , . , , , ( ) . , , , , , ( ), - ( ), ( ) . , -, - , ; , , - .

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, (. . III), ( ) . , , (), , " is frightened" " raises an objection": He was too frightened to raise an objection. Frightened though he was, he did raise an objection. He raised an objection, but he was frightened.

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- , .: was too deliberately delicate to ask (C. P. Snow). Though she was devoted to George, she would not let me talk about him (C. P. Snow). The presence of a man in her abode disconcerted Constance at the beginning; but she soon grew accustomed to it (A. Bennett). - ( , , - , -, , ) , : - + .

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: Jack could do it himself. (And he did it, of which I inform you.) Could Jack really have done it himself? (I am surprised and, personally, have reasons to doubt it.) Jack might have done it himself. (There is such a possibility, after all.) ( ), - ( ), , ( ), ( ) , ( ).

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