( (4) (5)). (4) 3- ( ). , . n- ( n- ), ..
=
= (7)
, , , . n- . .
n . 1, 2, 3, , n. , , , .
4. n ( n ) ( ) ( ).
1. n n!
. , n . , (n 1) . , n×(n 1) . , (n 2) . , n×(n 1)×(n 2) . , , n n×(n 1)×(n 2)××3×2×1 = n! .
, ( ) , > , . , . , .
. 1) (9, 7, 1, 3, 4, 8, 5, 2, 6) . 9 , 8. 7 , 8, 6. 1 . 3 4 2. 8 5, 2 6, 3. 5 2. , 8 + 6 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 20 .
2) (2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 9, 8, 7) . 2 1, 5 4, 9 8, 9 7, 8 7. 5 .
, , . .
2. .
. . .
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1) , .. ( , ). (. , ). , . , , . , 1, .. .
2) , .. (. ,,). ( ,,). , , , . m , : m , , m . 2m + 1 . . , .
. n > 1 0,5×n!.
5. n ( n- ) .
1, 2, , n. : a , = . , , .. . ,
= = .
= . . . , , .. . . , , .
= .
, . , = , = ,
× = . , 1 5, 5 4, , 1 4. , , , , ; , , , ; , , , ; , , , ; , , , .
, × = . , . , (×) × = × (×) , , . , × = × , . = = × = × = . , -1 = , .. .
n-
= n- ( ) .
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6. ( n- ) n! , n , . +, , - .
: | | = .
, n = 6 211362344655 , . , . 4- 2- . 6, .. . , +.
211362344615 , .
.
10. (, ).
, (-1) , a1, a2, , an (a1, a2, , an). . , , .. . . , . , (-1) . , , . , , , .
20. ( ) , .
, ( ) .
30. - , .
, - l, . (-1)s . , l.
40. , .
, (-1) , q , . , (-1)s . , , s . , , , .
50. , .
, - - , l, .. | | = = = 0.
60. - , , , -, . - - , - .
- + 1, + 2, ., + n.
(-1)s = (-1)s + (-1)s .
, , - . - , , ., . , - . - 1, 2, ., n.
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70. , , .
.
| | - - , (n1)- . , . (-1)+× .
80. , - - .
1 D = . (8)
. 11 = 0, (8) . 11 ¹ 0. , , 11. , g 2 n. D s = . D , s. 11, , D = 11× S, S , s. , , (n 1)!. s . , S = 11. 11 = (-1)1+1× 11 = 11, D = 11×11.
2. D = (9)
. D - . - , , . ( 1) . D1, D = (-1)-1×D. D1 - , ( 1) , , .
D2 = . , D2 = (-1)-1×D1 = (-1)+-2×D = (-1)+×D. 1, D2 = × . D = × (-1)+ × = ×.
3. , .. D = 11 + 2×2 ++kn×kn (10).
. D = . - 1 =1 + 0 + + 0, 2 = 0 + 2 + 0 + + 0, , = 0 + 0 + + 0 + . 60, , D = = = 11 + 22 + + ( 2).
4. .
. D = .
D = . , D , .. D . , 0 = , ¹ .
. 3 4 , .
n- .
n - - ( ) , 70, 3. n- (n 1)- .
. D = .
. . 1) (-2) ; 2) ; 3) (-4) . , D = . . , 1, . , 1, , , .. . (-1)2+2 = (-1)4 = +1. , D = + . 3- . , , . 1) (-4) , 2) 2 . ,
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D = . , D = (-1)2+1 . 70, , D = - = -3×(23 40) = 51.
(, , , ) . . D s- , 1,2,,s 1,2,,s. . (n s)- . 1, . s = 1++ s + 1++s,
= ( -1)s× 1.
5 ( ). n - ( ). , , .
.
. = -(1 20)(28 + 6) = 19×34 = 661.
6 ( ). D , . , D D - .
. D ¹ 0. 1, 2, ,n- n . +... + + + =
3 4, 1 ×0 + + ×D + + n ×0 = D , D = (- D ). = = 1, 2, , n.
III.