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:

































 

 

 

 


.




.
1. A: .
2. :
3 x 2 + 2 xy + 3 y 2 6 x 2 y = 4.

.
1. :

(9.4)
| A λE | = = 0
, :

λ 3 10 λ 2 13 λ + 22 = 0 (9.16)

, , , .. , , . , , , , 22.
1, 2, 11, 22 (9.16) ( ), . λ = 1 . , (9.16) :
λ 3 10 λ 2 13 λ + 22 = (λ 1)(λ 2 + + q)
p q , , (λ 1). , . , . :

.
1. λ 3 λ, λ 2 .
2. λ 1, λ 3 λ 2 .
3. ; , 9 λ 2 13 λ + 22.
4. 9 λ 2 , 9 λ .
5. , 9 λ 2 + 9 λ .
6. ; ; 22 λ + 22.
7. 22 λ ; -22 .
8. , , 22 λ + 22 .
9. , . .
, (9.16), (λ 1)(λ 2 9 λ 22) = 0.
λ 1 = 1, λ 2 = 2, λ 3 = 11.
(9.5).
λ = 1

:
.
2, , x 3.
:
. .
, , .
, λ 2 = 2:
=>
.
x 3 = 0. , x 3, . x 2, :
. x 2 = 1: .

:
X 1 X 2:
= 1 (1) + (1) 1 + 2 1 = 0.
: = 0; = 0.
.
T, . A T:

(9.17)

A . :
; ; .
.
T . , (9.6). T 1, T.
.
, T T 1, , , T T 1 = E .
A T A T, (9.17):
.
(9.8).
2. :

3 x 2 + 2 xy + 3 y 2 6 x 2 y = 4 (9.18)

ē 1, ē 2 (9.11):
.
A, (9.12):
| A λE | = = 0.
, λ 2 6 λ + 8 = 0, λ 1= 4, λ 2 = 2.
(9.13).
λ 1 = 4 .
c 11 = c 21, c 21 R. c 21 = 1, .
:
λ 2 = 2 .
c 12 = c 22, c 22 R. c 22 = 1, .
, . , (. 9.2).


. 9.2 x, y


. , , .. , . , .. , .
T, , A T:
.
,
,
.
:
ē 1 = , ē 2 = .
(ē 1, ē 2), π / 4 . x, y , x′, y′ ē 1, ē 2 (9.14):

(9.19)


(9.19) (6.10):
.
, :
4 x′ 2 + 2 y′ 2 8 x′ + 4 y′ + 4 = 0,
(9.15): x′ 2 y′ 2 4 2. 2 ,
2(x′ 1)2 + (y′ + 1)2 = 1 .
, (9.18) 1 (1,1) .
, . X′O′Y′ (. 9.3).

 


. 9.3 x′, y′


X′O′Y′. Q ABCD. (9.19) :

 

(x′, y′) X′ O′ Y′ (x, y) X O Y
Q (1; 1) (; 0)
A (1 + 1/ ; 1) ( + 1/2; 1/2)
B (1 1/ ; 1) ( 1/2; 1/2)
C (1; 0) (1/ ; 1/ )
D (1; 2) (3/ ; 1/ )


XOY (. 9.4).

 


. 9.4 x, y


. , . x′, y′, (9.19) x′, y′ x, y , . .

, . , . A .
:
.
, . , . . , .
, , ,
λ 1 = 4, ē 1 = ; λ 1 = 2, ē 2 = ; .
x′, y′ (1;1) 1.





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