:
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1. . : . . - ., , 1990, 687, . 69-87.
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1. , . .
2. , .
1. , .
L , .
A , , λ :
, .
A . , , . A x x 1, x 2, x 3 , :
(9.1) |
, A , , :
(9.2) |
, A , , :
(9.3) |
A, λ, : . λ A, . (9.2) , | A λE | = 0
(9.4) |
, λ = (x 1, x 2, x 3), :
|
|
(9.5) |
(9.3) , (9.5), .
, .. A, (A = AT). ; , , , .. . .
, , . , . A, ,
= T -1 AT | (9.6) |
T . T, T.
, λ 1, λ 2, λ 3
, .
T :
(9.7) |
A , :
(9.8) |
2. .
:
a 11 x 2 + 2 a 12 xy + a 22 y 2 + 2 a 1 x + 2 a 2 y + a = 0 | (9.9) |
, , , . (9.9) a 11 x 2 + 2 a 12 xy + a 22 y 2 x, y (x, y).
(9.10) |
ē 1 ē 2, λ 1 λ 2. a 11 x 2 + 2 a 12 xy + a 22 y 2 :
(9.11) |
λ 1 λ 2
| A λE | = = 0 | (9.12) |
ēi = (e 1 i , e 2 i )
, i = 1,2 | (9.13) |
, ē 1 ē 2 ( ), , (9.13) (c 1 i , c 2 i ) :
, i = 1,2.
, ē 1 ē 2, . , ē 1, ē 2 , φ (. 9.1).
.9.1. , ē 1, ē 2.
T, :
x, y ē 1, ē 2 x′, y′ ē 1, ē 2, :
|
|
(9.14) |
(9.14) x, y x′, y′ (9.9).
λ 1 x′ 2 + λ2 y′ 2 + 2b1 x′ + 2b2 y′ + b = 0 | (9.15) |
(9.15) , , .
A 33, . :
1. . , , . , A .
2. .