1. .
1. A baler is a machine that ____ hay.
a. looses
b. cuts off
c. picks up
2. There are two types of bales that are _____ used.
a. commonly
b. rarely
c. sometimes
3. The bales weigh____500kg____750kg.
a. from till
b. up to
c. from to
4. To make a bale the operator has a choice of three more models.
a. bigger
b. smaller
c. wider
5. A measuring device ___ the knotter.
a. puts
b. stops
c. triggers
2. .
1. The monitors electric sensors ___ the guesswork out of making perfect bales.
a. take
b. takes
c. are taken
2. To form the bale, the hay in the windrow ___ by tines in the balers pickup.
a. is lifted
b. are lifted
c. will lift
3. A round baler ______round bales.
a. produce
b. produces
c. is produced
4. The hay ____ inside the baler.
a. is rolled up
b. rolls up
c. will roll up
5. The plunger ____ back and forth in the chamber
a. has been moved
b. moves
c. is moved
3.
?
1.John Deere Round Balers produce a light, firm, high quality round bales?
a. Are the John Deere Round Balers produced low quality round bales?
b. What do John Deere Round Balers produce?
c. Do John Deere Round Balers produce rectangular bales?
2.The hay is dragged into a chamber, that runs the length of one side of the baler.
a. Where is the hay dragged into?
b. What is a chamber?
c. Is the hay lifted in the chamber?
3. There are two types of balers.
a. How many types of balers are there?
b. What is the type of baler?
c. Is a round baler the most frequently used type?
4.The knife cuts off the hay at the spot, where it enters the chamber from the pickup.
a. What des the knife do?
b. What type of knife is used?
c. Does the knife form the hay?
5.The farmer can quickly see how the bale is shaping.
a. What does the farmer do?
b. What can the farmer see?
c. What does the farmer use to see how the bale is shaping?
4.
?
1. The plunger rams the hay rearwards, compressing it into the bales.
a. .
b. : .
c. , .
2. As the next bale is formed the tied one is driven out onto the ground.
a. , .
b. ,
.
c. .
3. When the bale reaches a determined size, the twine that binds the bale is wrapped around the outside but not knotted.
a. () , , , .
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|
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b. , () .
c. , .
4. Using these types of balers the farmer can speed up the baling.
a. -, .
b. , - .
c. - , .
5. The baling is slower with the round bale but the completed bale can be safely left out in the field for longer period of time.
a. , .
b. , .
c. , .
5. .
- -2 .
, -, 500 .
:
. ;
. ;
. ;
. ;
. .
- .
: () .
(), , (), .
.
, :
1,2 2,4
1,2
1,1
.
UNIT 9
TEXT A
MANURE SPREADERS
The manure spreader is a machine for carrying barnyard manure to the field and spreading it over the land.
There are ground and power take off driven spreaders. The ground driven manure spreader is operated by sprockets and chain from the wheels supporting the spreader. The power take off driven type is designed to operate from the tractor power take off.
The principal parts of the manure spreader are the frame, the box, the conveyor, the beaters and the widespreader.
Since manure is very heavy a comparatively light frame is required. The bottom and sides of the manure spreader box may be made of wood.
The manure in the box is moved to the rear by a double chain and slat conveyor or apron. The manure is deposited in the box on the conveyor; then as the conveyor moves, it carries the manure to the rear of the machine, where it comes in contact with the beaters.
The lower beater is placed just to the rear of the conveyor to beat, tear up and spread the manure from the rear of the spreader.
The chain is the common method of driving the beaters on ground driven manure spreaders. A large drive sprocket is mounted rigidly on the main axle.
WORD LIST
manure spreader
barnyard manure
ground driven manure spreader
power take off ,
spread
sprocket
|
|
|
chain
conveyor (apron)
beater
widespreader
rear
chain and slat conveyor
beat ,
drive ,
tear up
rigidly ,
axle , ,
1.
.
supporting wheels bottom
to operate lower beater
power take off drive sprocket
light frame method of driving
comparatively to mount
2. .
to beat to distribute to transport
to convey to operate to hit
to spread to work
3.
.
to manure to drive
to power to deposit
to design to contact
4. ,
. ,
.
ground driven spreader manure spreader box
power take off driven type double chain and slat conveyor
principal parts just to the rear of the conveyor
5. ,
.
6. ,
.
7.
.
1. What is the manure spreader used for?
2. What are the main types of manure spreaders?
3. What are the principal parts of the manure spreader?
4. Where is the manure deposited?
5. What is the function of the lower beater?
6. What does the conveyor do?
TEXT B
FERTILIZER ATTACHMENTS
Fertilizer can be applied to the soil in several forms, such as barnyard manure, granular and pelleted fertilizers of various formulae, and fertilizers in liquid and gaseous form. Special equipment is required for the handling of these types of fertilizers, which are applied to the soil and crop in various ways at different stages of culture. For example, barnyard manure is usually broadcast over the land with a manure spreader before seedbed preparation. It is then worked into the soil, either by plowing or by disk harrow. Granular fertilizers are applied with granular fertilizer distributors.
Fertilizer attachments for grain drills consist of a specially constructed hopper having a partition extending lengthwise through the middle. The planting unit is in the front half of the box, while the fertilizer unit is in the rear half.
The equipment for applying liquid fertilizers consists essentially of tankers for transport, holding tanks on the farm for temporary storage, and a distributor which may be capable of broadcast application, or below ground placement.
A typical modern machine has a tank, a pump, driven by hydraulic motor, capable of delivering over 100 gallons per minute through several nozzles in the boom.
WORD LIST
pelleted [pelitid]
liquid
in conjunction
partition [pa:tiSn]
lengthwise
middle
temporary
storage
deliver
nozzle
boom
handle ,
gallon ( 4,5 )
1. :
1. what forms of fertilizers there are;
2. when barnyard manure is broadcast;
3. for what implements fertilizer attachments are available;
4. where the planting and fertilizer units are arranged in a grain drill;
5. what better method of releasing fertilizers there exists;
6. what the equipment for applying liquid fertilizers consists of.
2.
.
.
1. Special equipment is used for applying barnyard manure, granular, pelleted, liquid and gaseous fertilizers.
|
|
|
2. Fertilizers are applied after seedbed preparation.
3. Fertilizers attachments work in conjunction only with planters and cultivators.
4. Fertilizers applied through drain drills can be released into the soil either through a hopper in which fertilizers and seeds are mixed from the planting section and fertilizer section or through separate tubes that place fertilizers above the seed.
5. Liquid fertilizers can be either broadcast or be placed below ground.
6. A granular fertilizer distributor has a tank, a pump delivering 100 gallons of fertilizers per minute through several nozzles.
3. 2,
.
TEXT C
SPRAYING EQUIPMENT
The problem of controlling insect pests and plant diseases makes it necessary for farmers to use spraying equipment for applying either dust or liquid insecticides and fungicides.
Most sprayers are of hydraulic type. The spray pressure is built up by the direct action of the pump on the liquid spray material. The pressure forces the liquid through the nozzles, which break the spray into the proper size droplets and disperse them.
The essential parts of the typical hydraulic sprayer are: pump, tank, pressure regulator and relief valve, pressure gauge, piping and fitting systems, distribution system and power source.
Most pumps of tractor mounted sprayers are powered by the p.t.o. shaft or by the belt pulley. Others are engine powered.
There are three types of spraying machines: high volume, low volume, ultra low volume.
Most hydraulic sprayers are equipped with positive displacement pumps capable of developing the pressure in the range required for many spray jobs.
WORD LIST
insect pests
dust
liquid
nozzle
droplet
disperse
carry
treat
relief valve
gauge
piping system
fitting system
spray tank--
high volume sprayer
low volume sprayer
displacement
1. -:
a. ?
b. ?
c. ?
d. ?
e. ?
