1. .
1. Combines....... different operations such as cutting and gathering crops, threshing the seed and collecting it.
a) perform
b) work
c) do
2. Modern combines are self-propelled machines and use....... for power.
a) steam engine
b) internal-combustion engine
c) diesel engine
3. There are two types of grain combines:...... and self-propelled ones.
a) mounted combine
b) tractor-drawn combine
c) wheeled combine
4...... is used in different soil and climatic conditions because it is very powerful.
a) SKP-7Kuban combine harvester
b) Combine Don-1500B
c) SKP-5M-1Niva,Yenisei-1200M combine harvester
5. PK-2 grain combine is used for...... crops in areas with excessive humidity.
a) harvesting
b) threshing
c) cutting
2. .
1. First combines appeared earlier than 1830, but mass production of combines.... at the end of the last century.
a) begin
b) begins
c) began
2. The combines...... to harvest and to thresh different kinds of crops, such as legumes, grasses, corn, etc.
a) adapted
b) are adapted
c) were adapted
3. Grain combine..... a self-propelled machine is powered by an engine.
a) being
b) is
c) be
4. Different farms have new types of combines, which..... already . into serial production.
a) have put
b) has been put
c) have been put
5. Powerful combines Don-1500B are used for different crops..... in the fields of our country.
a) grow
b) growing
c) grown
3. ,
.
1. Self-propelled combines appeared in the 1940s and have been used throughout the world.
a) Why did self-propelled combines appear?
b) When did self-propelled combines appear in the world?
c) What have self-propelled combines been used for?
2. Originally developed for cereal grains, the combine has been adapted to various crops.
a) What has the combine been adapted to?
b) What is the function of the combine?
c) Did combine affect cereal crops?
3. Grain combines thresh the standing grain, clean it and move over the field.
a) What are grain combines?
b) What is one of the functions of a combine?
c) What operations does a grain combine perform?
4. Grain combine is powered by an engine thats why it is important to pay attention to all its components.
a) What is important for grain combines?
b) What is important to pay attention to the combines for?
c) How is grain combine determined?
4. ?
1. Combine is an agricultural machine that carries out both harvesting and threshing operations.
a) / , \ .
b) / , , .
c) / , / .
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2. Originally developed for cereals, the combine has been adapted to legumes, forage grasses, sorghum and corn.
a) , , , .
b) , , , .
c) , , , .
3. One should pay attention to all parts of combines and to clean them in time.
a) .
b) , .
c) .
4. Different farms are supplied with new types of farm machines, which have been put into mass production.
a) / , .
b) / .
c) / , .
5. .
/ , , / . . , , .
, , .
. / . (abroad). , .
/ , , , , , , / .
UNIT 8
TEXT A
TYPES OF BALERS
A baler is a machine that picks up loose hay or straw and compresses it into bales of even size and weight and then ties them with twine. The completed bale is dropped onto the ground at the back of the baler. There are several different types of balers that are commonly used. They are: a round baler, a rectangular baler and a wire baler.
The most frequently used type of baler is a round baler. It produces cylindrically shaped round or rolled bales. The hay is simply rolled up inside the baler using a number of rubberized belts. When the bale reaches a determined size, the twine that binds the bale is wrapped around the outside but not knotted. The back of the baler is opened up and the bale is discharged. These bales are 55 to 60 inches in diameter (about 150 cm) and about 60 inches in width. The bales weigh from 1100lb (500 kg) to 1600 lb (750kg).
Another type of baler in common use produces large rectangular bales, each bound with a half dozen or 50 strings of twine which are then knotted. Such bales generally weigh somewhat more than round bales.
A type of baler which is less common today produces small rectangular or square bales. Each bale is about 15 in x 18 in x 38 in (38 x 46 x 96cm). The bales are light enough for a person to handle about 45 lb (20 kg) to 60 lb (25kg). This form of bale is no longer much used in commercial agriculture because of the costs involved in handling many small bales. However, it enjoys some popularity in small scale, low mechanization agriculture.
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WORD LIST
baler
pick up
pickup ,
bale , ,
tie
twine
drop
round baler ,
rectangular baler
square baler
frequently
shape
roll ,
hay
rubber
belt
reach
determine
bind (bound, bound)
wrap
knot
discharge
string , ,
somewhat ,
cost ,
involve
enjoy
however ,
chamber
1.
:
loose several inch (in)
twine commonly feet (lb)
discharge wrap around light enough
2. :
tie enjoy
use to find out
reach bind
pick up determine
to arrive lift
3. ,
:
to drop to cost
to roll to compress
to wrap to knot
to produce to handle
4. ,
.
.
even size drop onto the ground
completed bale half dozen
weigh fromto small scale
5. ,
.
6. , .
.
7.
.
1. What is a baler?
2. What types of balers can there be on the farm?
3. When is the baler discharged?
4. What are the sizes of bales?
5. Which type of baler is less common today? Why?
TEXT B
A SQUARE BALER
A type of baler which is less common today produces small rectangular or square bales. Each bale is about 15 in x 18 in x 38 in (38 x 46 x 96 cm). The bales are light enough for a person to handle about 45lb (20kg) to 60lb (25kg).
To form the bale, the hay in the windrow is lifted by tines in the balers pickup. The hay is then dragged into a chamber, that runs the length of one side of the baler. A combination plunger and knife moves back and forth in the front end of this chamber. The knife, positioned just ahead of the plunger, cuts off the hay at the spot, where it enters the chamber from the pickup. The plunger rams the hay rearwards, compressing it into the bales. A measuring device measures the amount of hay that is being compressed, at the appropriate length and then it triggers the knotter that wraps the twine around the bale and ties it off. As the next bale is formed the tied one is driven out the rear of the baling chamber onto the ground. This process continues as long as there is material to be baled.
WORD LIST
windrow
tine ()
drag into ,
chamber
plunger
balers pickup
spot
ram
rearwards
bale ,
device
measure
appropriate
trigger ,
knotter ,
wrap around
drive out ,
run the length of one side
1. :
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1. why the hay is lifted in the balers pickup;
2. where plunger moves;
3. what plunger does;
4. hat for a measuring device is used;
5. when the bale is driven out.
2.
.
.
1. To form the bale, the hay in the windrow is lifted by tines in the balers pickup.
2. The plunger moves up and down in the front end of the chamber.
3. The knife, positioned just back of the plunger cuts off the hay at the spot.
4. The plunger rams the hay rearwards, compressing it into the bales.
5. A measuring device measures the amount of compressed hay and triggers the knotter.
3. 1-2,
.
TEXT C
JOHN DEERE ROUND BALERS
John Deere Round Balers produce a tight, firm, high quality round bales. They weigh about 2000 pounds.
There are some advantages of using such balers:
- fast start
- quick and easy to operate,
- monitors electric sensors,
- fast finish,
- raincoat protection.
John Deeres exclusive diamond tread belts are invented to start bales without slipping and they dont chafe the bale surface, keeping the quality in tack. The monitors electric sensors take the guesswork out of making perfect bales. The farmer can quickly see how the bale is shaping without looking back and adjust the driving patterns.
Both 435 and 535 Balers are provided with double twine arms to tie up bales quickly and automatically. Adding a push bar to it someone can wrap and eject a bale in 14 seconds, e.g. the baler is ready to form the next bale. To make a smaller bale the operator has a choice of three more models for different needs. The wrap also gives the bales a protective raincoat. Using these types of balers the farmer can speed up the baling.
WORD LIST
monitors electric sensor .
raincoat protection
diamond-tread belts .
slip
chafe , -
without
take the guesswork out
driving pattern
double twine arms
eject ,
choice
speed up
1. -.
1. , - ;
2. - 435 535 ;
3. .
