.
:
- - ;
- ;
;
;
.
W(jω), W(p) p jω. (ω) φ(ω), :
W(jω) = (ω)∙jφ(ω) = N(ω) + jM(ω). (1)
: (ω) , ;
φ(ω) , ;
N(ω) = (ω)∙cosφ(ω) ;
M(ω) = (ω)∙sinφ(ω) ;
ω , .
.
.
W(jω) = K/(1 + jωT) = 
= 
.
(ω) = 
; φ(ω) = arctg(ωT);
N(ω) = K/[1 + (ω∙T)2]; M(ω) = K∙ ω∙T/[1 + (ω∙T)2]. (2)
φ(0) = 0o; (0) = K; N(0) = K; M(0) = 0;
φ(ω = 1/T) = 45o; (T) = K/√2; N(T) = K/2; M(T) = K/2;
φ(ω → ∞) = 90o; (∞) = N(∞) = M(∞) = 0.
.
W(jω) = K/jω = K∙e 
/ω;
(ω) = K/ω; φ(ω) = 90o;
N(ω) = 0; M(ω) = K/ω; (3)
φ(0) = 90o; (0) = ∞; N(0) = 0; M(0) = ∞;
φ(ω → ∞) = 90o; (∞) = N(∞) = M(∞) = 0.
.
W(jω) = K/[ (ω∙T)2 + j2ξ∙T∙ω + 1] = 
=
= 
= 
;
(ω) = 
; φ(ω) = arctg{2ξ∙T∙ω/[1 (ω∙T)2]};
N(ω) = K∙[1 (ω∙T)2]/{[1 (ω∙T)2]2 + 4(ξ∙T∙ω)2};
M(ω) = 2K∙ξ∙T∙ω/{[1 (ω∙T)2]2 + 4(ξ∙T∙ω)2}; (4)
φ(0) = 0o; (0) = K; N(0) = K; M(0) = 0;
φ(ω) = 1/T) = 90o; (T) = K/(2ξ); N(T) = 0; M(T) = K/(2ξ);
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φ(ω → ∞) = 180o; (∞) = N(∞) = M(∞) = 0.
.
W(jω) = jK∙ω = K∙ω∙e 
;
(ω) = K∙ω; φ(ω) = 90o;
N(ω) = 0; M(ω) = K∙ω; (5)
φ(0) = 90o; (0) = 0; N(0) = 0; M(0) = 0;
φ(ω → ∞) = 90o; (∞) = M(∞) = ∞; N(∞) = 0.
, :
- ;
.
L(ω) = 20lg[H(ω)] lg(ω). , L(ω). L(ω) (), . L(ω) = 20 , 10 .
φ(ω) lg(ω). , φ(ω) .
, 10 . (ω = 1) lg(1) = 0.
, (), , .
.
. (2) :
L(ω) = 20lg[H(ω)] = 20lg - 20lg 
. (6)
ω<ωc = 1/T, , ωc, L(ω) = 20lg. , 20lg.
ω>ωcL(ω) = 20lg - 20lg(ω∙). , 20 .
, ωc = 1/T.
. (3) :
L(ω) = 20lg[H(ω)] = 20lg - 20lgω. (7)
ω = 1 (7) L(ω) = 20lg, 20 ω = ωc = 1.
. (4) :
L(ω) = 20lg[H(ω)] = 20lgK 20lg 
. (8)
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ω<ωc = 1/T, , ωc, L(ω) = 20lg, ω>ωc 4(ξ∙ω∙T)2. :
L(ω) = 
. (9)
(9) ω<ωc = 1/T, ωc , , ωc 40 .
. (5) :
L(ω) = 20lg[H(ω)] = 20lg + 20lgω. (10)
, 20lgK ωc = 1 20/.
, , .
. 1932 . . , , W(jω) (- 1; j0).
( ), ω = 0 N(0) = H(0) = K, . ω = ∞ .
( ), ω = 0 , W(jω) (jω)r, r . , r = 1 ω = 0 W(jω) , r = 2 , r = 3 .
. . , φ(ω) = - 180 : L(ω) = 20lg[H(ω)] < 0, .. , , , -180. , ω, L(ω) = 20lg[H(ω)] = 0, φ(ω) > - 180o.
, .. . h(ω) ψ(ω).
h(ω) ω, φ(ω) = - 180: h(ω) = - L(ω) , . .
ψ(ω) ω, : ψ(ω) = φ(ω) + 180 , ω, .
ψ(ω) ≥ 30, h(ω) ≥ 6 , .
