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( ) 6




(can, may, mast .) (, to be, to have) : ' can swim like a fish.' (D. Lessing) 'He must come back.1 (D. C. Doyle) 'It has to be right.' (H. E. Bates)

2.

(, , ), : to begin, to proceed, to quit, to keep on . .: 'She started to walk along the shingle.1 (I. Murdoch) 'His heart stopped beating.' (J. Galsworthy)

3.

, (to seem, to appear). : 'He seemed to have lost all power of will [...]' (S. Maugham) 'They didn't appear to be ving.' (I. Murdoch)

4.

, , , , , , . to happen to prove. : 'But my memory happened to have tricked me.' (C. P. Snow) 'It turned out to be Sam.9 (P. Abrahams)

5.

/, (to want, to wish, to intend . .)' I dn't wish to leave my mother.' (O. Wilde) 'I should hate to hurt him,' she said.' (I. Murdoch)

, -, , , , to want - , to want/to wish + , - .

to write ( want to write) .


. . , , . . " , . . . , , , .

, , , , (I) want/wish to write - , (I) write . . ( ) . . can write , , , , - . .

. . want. (I) can write want (I) want to write . .

(I) want to write (I) want a book , . want (I) want a book , , want (I) want to write . , want (a book) , ( , ), , burn. .: 'They burned to tell everybody, to describe, to well to boast their doll's house before the school bell rang.' (K. Mansfield). - (burn to tell) . Want to tell burn to tell , , . , . . , want to tell burn to tell .


- .

6.

(to feign, to pretend, to fail) (to manage, to contrive) , : 'Andrew affected to read the slip.' (A. J. Cronin) 'She managed to conceal her distress from Felicity.' (I. Murdoch)

7.

, to try, to attempt, to endeavour, . . (' tried to formulate.' (W. Golding) 'I have sought, primarily, indeed to emphasise how much is involved in 'knowing' a language, [...]' (R. Quirk), , . : I tried to formulate I formulated I did not formulate. , , , (6), , , : I pretended to fall over.' (W. Golding ) → I did not fall over, 'She managed to conceal her distress from Felicity.' (I. Murdoch) → She concealed her distress from Felicity.

8.

, (to sit, to stand, to lie, to go). . : 'Tim stood fumbling for his keys.' (I. Murdoch) 'Adèle came running up again.' (C. Brontë) , . , : 'Oh-h! Just imagine being able to go walking and swiing again.' (D. Cusack)

- . , : - -, .: 'She stood touching her face anxiously.' (D. Lessing) 'Ma stood, looking up and down.' (K. Mansfield)


( ) . . . I sat looking at the carpet. (I. Murdoch) She sat for some time in her bedroom, thinking hard. (I. Murdoch)

, , . . stood fumbling for his keys He fumbled for his keys, stood.

. : I shall have to begin to practice.9 (K. Mansfield) ' In away I had been hatched there, feathered there, and wanted dearly t g on growing there.' (A. E. Coppard) ' I can't begin to accept that as a basis for a decision. ' (C. P. Snow)

- . , , . , , - , . : 'We ight hav to wait/ I said. (C. P. Snow) , , *affect to chance *begin to happen (happen ). , , ; . , 'At that moment I ldn't seem to remember the story, [...]' (T. Capote) 'Poor Tom used to have to prescribe for my father. ' (C. P. Snow) . . . .

- Vpass en {toV | ingV}, Vpass - , : She was supposed to write a paper on the subject. The bell was heard to r i n g/r i n g i n g. , , - (. No component of the theory is allowed to remain No component of the theory may remain; Mr. Quiason is expected to arrive today Mr. Qutason must/ may arrive today . .), .


- , - , . , . - (is said/ supposed/expected . .) , (. may, must . .) .

- - :

) , (to be supposed/believed/known . .): They are intended to be the day schools equivalent of the residential houses at boarding schools. (R. Pedley);

) , (to be reported/said ..): 'Repentence is said to be its cure, sir.' (C. Bronte);

) , (to be heard/seen . .): Distantly from the school the two fifteen bell was heard ringing. (I. Murdoch);

) , . . , , - (to be forced / made / pressed . .): In order to explain these data, we have been forced to develop a number of theoretical concepts and new field procedures. (K. L. Pike)

, , , to be , be + : None of the injuries was believed serious. (Daily Worker) ← None of the injuries was believed to be serious.

, , , ( ) to be . .

- , :

1) , ( ) .

, sure, certain, likely ..: 'Everything is sure to be there.' (E. M. Forster) Later they thought he was certain to die. (P. Abrahams) . .Huxley's invention,


'agnostic', is likely to be more e n d r i n g. (J. Moore) N be A to VNv be A (He was certain to comeHis coming was certain), N be A to V → It be A that N V (He was certain to comeIt was certain that he would come).

2) , , , , .

, , , . , , :

) , , ( ) . , able/unable, capable, free, welcome, bound: Then she would be able to enjoy holiday in peace. (I. Murdoch) 'This flirtation is bound to end pretty soon.' (I. Murdoch) - .

) , : glad, sorry, ashamed . .: 'Dr. Kroll will be happy to show you the hospital itself later.' (D, Lessing) She was eager to tell me. (C. P. Snow) r was relieved to be with him for a moment. (I. Murdoch)

( ) (1) (2):

(1) N be A to V → to V make N AIt make N A to V He was happy to come.To come made him happy.It made him happy to come.

(2) N be Vl en to V2to V2 Vl N → It V1 N to V2 He was amazed to see that.To see that amazed him.It amazed him to see that.

) , . ( 1, 2, ) . , quick, slow, fit, apt, ready: He was quick to seize on this unexpected gesture of friendliness [...] (H. E. Bates ) [...] I was slow to pick up the reference. (C. P. Snow) 'You weren't fit to take it,' she said. (C. P. Snow)

) ) . , But only now I was prepared to listen. (D.Lessing) prepared ,


, , .

) , ( ) , : stupid, wise, mad, cruel, right, wrong, good . . ( , . .): You are quite right never to read such nonsense. He had been wrong to let the boy get away. You have been cruel to me to go away. ( . .)

: N be A to Vto V be A p N → It be A p N to V. He was mad to come.To come was mad of him.It was mad of him to come.

) , , , . , , , . : Lost dogs are dreadful to think about. (J. Galsworthy) She was good to look at in a broad way. (P. Abrahams)

( ) : , : , , ):

: Moira seemed not to be able to move. (D. Lessing) The first words may be more difficult to memorise than later ones. (K. L. Pike)

3.2.2.7. . , , , () .


. , .

, . , . , . , , . , (. . 264) , .

, - : ) , , ) , , ) ) , . , , . , , , (to think, to consider, to remember .), , (to like, to wish, to want . .). , , , , , , ) (to see, to hear, to feel . .). . , to make, to push (He pushed the door open), , , . : , , / -. , , ) - . , , - -: to keep, to hold, to leave, to send . . , : ' [...] I thought her delightful.' (J. Galsworthy) She did not consider it a break. (. .Snow) I envy you going there.' (H. E. Bates ) I wished him dead. (D. du Maurier); , : Kupferman declared the resumption of bombing to be a 'great

8 . . . 225


mistake'. (Daily Worker) I call it grotesque.' (O. Wilde) They called him Danny at home. (J. Baldwin); - : 'The simplicity of your character makes you exquisitively incomprehensible to me.' (O. Wilde) Next morning he got his check cashed [...] (J. Galsworthy) 'I want to have things clear.' (I. Murdoch) '[...] We were going to keep the fire going.' (W. Golding) '[...] They will drive me mad.' (H. G. Wells); , : She heard him speaking to her [...] (S. O'Casey) Dazedly I heard Beaumont congratulate me. (A. J. Cronin) He felt sweat breaking out all over his body at the recollection of the scene. (H. E. Bates) She could feel Hamish stiff and angry beside her. (D. Lessing)

. . , , . ., , No one had ever seen Miss Ives cry. (D. Lessing) No one had ever seen Miss Ives. . .: She had thought inconsiderate and heartless [...] (. . Snow) *She had thought me. . ., , I' going to call you Frank.' (J. Galsworthy) 'I'm going to call you', .

. . (There was someone moving in the darkened house. (A. Christie), ('It was only me talking.' (J. Osborne)

sixty days, twelve years . ., . e. . , . . . . , , , - , - .

Numcar N , . ( , ) (. one point, two points), .


. . , , , .

3.2.2.8. . , , .

, , . , . , , : It g l w e d soft and white against her skin. (D. du Maurier) She lay awake for a long time, not thinking so much as working a treadmill of words. (H. E. Bates) His face came up hot and angry over the counter [...] (H. G. Wells).

, , , . , , . , . , , . , .

, . , , , . . , . : N → N (carpetred carpet), V → V (turned → turned impulsively), AD A (sly → disturbingly sly) . . : N → N, A → D A, D A N (, a very good shot). , , . ( , very) . , .

8* 227


. : just one thing, even at my first perfunctory reading. . : just very red carpet.

: Really, it was too disagreeable. (A. Huxley) She had evidently returned. (I. Murdoch) There was, after all, no issue. (I. Murdoch) ( , , , ) . ( ) .





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