,
y = α + βx, (2.1)
xi, yi, i =1, 2, , n
(2.2)
α β , εi = yi - (α +βxi) i - .
α β , ε ( ). εi = 0, .
.
x . .
i - .
, , , , .
(2.5)
b . , . b () .
, (2.6) , (2.7)
(2.3) (2.7) ( )
.
-
, - :
1. .
, . : (a)=α, (b)=ß.
2. .
, 0: , .
3. .
, .